Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within JoseBSL/EuPPollNet hash://md5/42cbe6962d07a6fee2a1ef4680c0632c

by Nomer, Elton and Preston, three naive review bots

[email protected]

https://globalbioticinteractions.org/contribute

2026-06-12

Abstract

Life on Earth is sustained by complex interactions between organisms and their environment. These biotic interactions can be captured in datasets and published digitally. We present a review and archiving process for such an openly accessible digital interactions dataset of known origin and discuss its outcome. The dataset under review, named JoseBSL/EuPPollNet, has fingerprint hash://md5/42cbe6962d07a6fee2a1ef4680c0632c, is 279MiB in size and contains 623,476 interactions with 1 unique type of association (e.g., pollinatedBy) between 1,543 primary taxa (e.g., Helianthus annuus) and 2,668 associated taxa (e.g., Apis mellifera). This report includes detailed summaries of interaction data, a taxonomic review from multiple catalogs, and an archived version of the dataset from which the reviews are derived.

Introduction

Data Review and Archive

Data review and archiving can be a time-consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate both activities. It automates the archiving of datasets, including Darwin Core archives, and is a citable backup of a version of the dataset. Additionally, an automatic review of species interaction claims made in the dataset is generated and registered with Global Biotic Interactions (J. H. Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014).

This review includes summary statistics about, and observations about, the dataset under review :

Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000 https://github.com/JoseBSL/EuPPollNet/archive/31716d21d5aad8c27c1d91dd0620149ef42e8836.zip 2026-06-06T14:10:05.557Z hash://md5/42cbe6962d07a6fee2a1ef4680c0632c

Methods

The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston (Elliott et al. 2025), Elton (Kuhn, Poelen, and Leinweber 2025), Nomer (Salim and Poelen 2025), globinizer (J. Poelen, Seltmann, and Mietchen 2024) combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head.

Tools used in this review process
tool name version
preston 0.11.1
elton 0.16.11
nomer 0.6.5
globinizer 0.4.0
mlr 6.0.0
jq 1.6
yq 4.25.3
pandoc 3.1.6.1
duckdb 1.3.1
mapserver 7.6.4

The review process can be described in the form of the script below 1.

# get versioned copy of the dataset (size approx.  279MiB) under review 
elton pull JoseBSL/EuPPollNet

# generate review notes
elton review JoseBSL/EuPPollNet \
 > review.tsv

# export indexed interaction records
elton interactions JoseBSL/EuPPollNet \
 > interactions.tsv

# export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer 
elton names JoseBSL/EuPPollNet \
 | nomer append col \
 > name-alignment.tsv

or visually, in a process diagram.

review origin dataset origin elton Elton (a naive review bot) elton->origin pull (1) interactions indexed interactions elton->interactions generates (2) alignment name alignments nomer Nomer (a naive review bot) nomer->interactions extract names (3) nomer->alignment generates (5) catalog name catalog nomer->catalog uses (4)

You can find a copy of the full review script at check-data.sh. See also GitHub and Codeberg.

Results

In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 2. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided.

Files

An extensive list of files produced as part of the review process can be found in Appendix A. Review Files.

Archived Dataset

Note that data.zip file in this archive contains the complete, unmodified archived dataset under review.

Biotic Interactions

model primaryTaxon Primary Taxon associatedTaxon Associated Taxon primaryOrganism Primary Organism primaryOrganism->primaryTaxon classifiedAs associatedOrganism Associated Organism primaryOrganism->associatedOrganism interactsWith associatedOrganism->associatedTaxon classifiedAs

In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type.

The dataset under review, named JoseBSL/EuPPollNet, has fingerprint hash://md5/42cbe6962d07a6fee2a1ef4680c0632c, is 279MiB in size and contains 623,476 interactions with 1 unique type of association (e.g., pollinatedBy) between 1,543 primary taxa (e.g., Helianthus annuus) and 2,668 associated taxa (e.g., Apis mellifera).

An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found in gzipped csv, tsv, geopackage and parquet archives. To facilitate discovery, a preview of claims available in the gzipped html page at indexed-interactions.html.gz are shown below.

The exhaustive list was used to create the following data summaries below.

Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation
Urospermum picroides pollinatedBy Oedemera flavipes doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0946-1
Sonchus tenerrimus pollinatedBy Rhodanthidium sticticum doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0946-1
Sonchus tenerrimus pollinatedBy Oedemera lurida doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0946-1
Lavandula stoechas pollinatedBy Rhodanthidium sticticum doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0946-1
Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent)
interactionTypeName count
pollinatedBy 623476
Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName count
Helianthus annuus 352151
Trifolium repens 9881
Trifolium pratense 7178
Brassica oleracea 6067
Centaurea jacea 5699
Cistus crispus 5065
Lotus corniculatus 4607
Daucus carota 4161
Cirsium arvense 4019
Cistus monspeliensis 3939
Knautia arvensis 3862
Melilotus italicus 3629
Calluna vulgaris 3362
Centaurea scabiosa 3212
Ranunculus acris 3137
Achillea millefolium 3037
Lavandula stoechas 2898
Chaerophyllum hirsutum 2782
Thymbra capitata 2702
Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
targetTaxonName count
Apis mellifera 406365
Bombus terrestris 21424
Bombus pascuorum 13825
Bombus lapidarius 10049
Sphaerophoria scripta 6570
Episyrphus balteatus 6504
Bombus lucorum 6084
Eristalis tenax 5823
Halictus scabiosae 4047
Bombus soroeensis 3847
Bombus pratorum 3558
Bombus hortorum 3494
Bombus 3411
Anthophora 3368
Bombus wurflenii 2792
Syrphidae 2772
Anthophora plumipes 2589
Thricops beckeri 2257
Brassicogethes aeneus 1876
Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count
Helianthus annuus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 342329
Helianthus annuus pollinatedBy Bombus terrestris 6658
Trifolium repens pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 5703
Melilotus italicus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 3629
Cistus crispus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 3366
Brassica oleracea pollinatedBy Bombus terrestris 2928
Brassica oleracea pollinatedBy Anthophora 2597
Helianthus annuus pollinatedBy Halictus scabiosae 2543
Lavandula stoechas pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 2257
Thymbra capitata pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 2022
Chaerophyllum hirsutum pollinatedBy Thricops beckeri 1981
Trifolium pratense pollinatedBy Bombus pascuorum 1873
Cirsium arvense pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1655
Tetrapanax papyrifer pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1614
Brassica napus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1547
Centaurea jacea pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1529
Rubus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1450
Melilotus albus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1439
Lotus corniculatus pollinatedBy Apis mellifera 1413

Interaction Networks

The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. It is important to note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically using the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data.

interactions Animalia Animalia Animalia->Animalia Plantae Plantae Plantae->Animalia Plantae->Plantae Protozoa Protozoa Plantae->Protozoa Protozoa->Animalia
interactions Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Formicidae Formicidae Acanthaceae->Formicidae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae->Formicidae Andrenidae Andrenidae Aizoaceae->Andrenidae Apidae Apidae Aizoaceae->Apidae Halictidae Halictidae Aizoaceae->Halictidae Megachilidae Megachilidae Aizoaceae->Megachilidae Melyridae Melyridae Aizoaceae->Melyridae Mordellidae Mordellidae Aizoaceae->Mordellidae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae Aizoaceae->Oedemeridae Psychidae Psychidae Aizoaceae->Psychidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Aizoaceae->Scarabaeidae Syrphidae Syrphidae Megachilidae->Syrphidae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Amaranthaceae->Cerambycidae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae Amaranthaceae->Pentatomidae Amaranthaceae->Syrphidae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae->Formicidae Amaryllidaceae->Andrenidae Amaryllidaceae->Apidae Amaryllidaceae->Halictidae Amaryllidaceae->Megachilidae Amaryllidaceae->Melyridae Amaryllidaceae->Mordellidae Amaryllidaceae->Oedemeridae Amaryllidaceae->Scarabaeidae Amaryllidaceae->Syrphidae Agromyzidae Agromyzidae Amaryllidaceae->Agromyzidae Anaspidesidae Anaspidesidae Amaryllidaceae->Anaspidesidae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae Amaryllidaceae->Anthomyiidae Bibionidae Bibionidae Amaryllidaceae->Bibionidae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae Amaryllidaceae->Bombyliidae Braconidae Braconidae Amaryllidaceae->Braconidae Calliphoridae Calliphoridae Amaryllidaceae->Calliphoridae Cantharidae Cantharidae Amaryllidaceae->Cantharidae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Amaryllidaceae->Chrysomelidae Colletidae Colletidae Amaryllidaceae->Colletidae Conopidae Conopidae Amaryllidaceae->Conopidae Crambidae Crambidae Amaryllidaceae->Crambidae Curculionidae Curculionidae Amaryllidaceae->Curculionidae Dermestidae Dermestidae Amaryllidaceae->Dermestidae Empididae Empididae Amaryllidaceae->Empididae Keroplatidae Keroplatidae Amaryllidaceae->Keroplatidae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Amaryllidaceae->Lycaenidae Miridae Miridae Amaryllidaceae->Miridae Muscidae Muscidae Amaryllidaceae->Muscidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Amaryllidaceae->Nitidulidae Noctuidae Noctuidae Amaryllidaceae->Noctuidae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Amaryllidaceae->Nymphalidae Pieridae Pieridae Amaryllidaceae->Pieridae Pompilidae Pompilidae Amaryllidaceae->Pompilidae Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae Amaryllidaceae->Sarcophagidae Scoliidae Scoliidae Amaryllidaceae->Scoliidae Sphingidae Sphingidae Amaryllidaceae->Sphingidae Tachinidae Tachinidae Amaryllidaceae->Tachinidae Trixoscelididae Trixoscelididae Amaryllidaceae->Trixoscelididae Vespidae Vespidae Amaryllidaceae->Vespidae Zygaenidae Zygaenidae Amaryllidaceae->Zygaenidae Pieridae->Apidae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae->Apidae Anacardiaceae->Scarabaeidae Anacardiaceae->Vespidae Aphididae Aphididae Aphididae->Formicidae Aphididae->Andrenidae Aphididae->Apidae Aphididae->Halictidae Aphididae->Megachilidae Aphididae->Syrphidae Aphididae->Calliphoridae Aphididae->Colletidae Aphididae->Empididae Aphididae->Muscidae Aphididae->Nymphalidae Aphididae->Pieridae Aphididae->Tachinidae Aphididae->Vespidae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Aphididae->Hesperiidae Melittidae Melittidae Aphididae->Melittidae Hesperiidae->Andrenidae Hesperiidae->Halictidae Hesperiidae->Syrphidae Hesperiidae->Lycaenidae Apiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae->Formicidae Apiaceae->Andrenidae Apiaceae->Apidae Apiaceae->Halictidae Apiaceae->Megachilidae Apiaceae->Melyridae Apiaceae->Mordellidae Apiaceae->Oedemeridae Apiaceae->Psychidae Apiaceae->Scarabaeidae Apiaceae->Cerambycidae Apiaceae->Pentatomidae Apiaceae->Syrphidae Apiaceae->Anaspidesidae Apiaceae->Anthomyiidae Apiaceae->Bibionidae Apiaceae->Bombyliidae Apiaceae->Braconidae Apiaceae->Calliphoridae Apiaceae->Cantharidae Apiaceae->Chrysomelidae Apiaceae->Colletidae Apiaceae->Conopidae Apiaceae->Crambidae Apiaceae->Curculionidae Apiaceae->Dermestidae Apiaceae->Empididae Apiaceae->Keroplatidae Apiaceae->Lycaenidae Apiaceae->Miridae Apiaceae->Muscidae Apiaceae->Nitidulidae Apiaceae->Noctuidae Apiaceae->Nymphalidae Apiaceae->Pieridae Apiaceae->Pompilidae Apiaceae->Sarcophagidae Apiaceae->Scoliidae Apiaceae->Sphingidae Apiaceae->Tachinidae Apiaceae->Vespidae Apiaceae->Zygaenidae Apiaceae->Melittidae Argidae Argidae Apiaceae->Argidae Asilidae Asilidae Apiaceae->Asilidae Asteraceae Asteraceae Apiaceae->Asteraceae Buprestidae Buprestidae Apiaceae->Buprestidae Byrrhidae Byrrhidae Apiaceae->Byrrhidae Chalcididae Chalcididae Apiaceae->Chalcididae Chloropidae Chloropidae Apiaceae->Chloropidae Chrysididae Chrysididae Apiaceae->Chrysididae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae Apiaceae->Chrysopidae Cimbicidae Cimbicidae Apiaceae->Cimbicidae Cleridae Cleridae Apiaceae->Cleridae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Apiaceae->Coccinellidae Crabronidae Crabronidae Apiaceae->Crabronidae Culicidae Culicidae Apiaceae->Culicidae Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae Apiaceae->Dolichopodidae Drosophilidae Drosophilidae Apiaceae->Drosophilidae Eurytomidae Eurytomidae Apiaceae->Eurytomidae Fanniidae Fanniidae Apiaceae->Fanniidae Figitidae Figitidae Apiaceae->Figitidae Gasteruptiidae Gasteruptiidae Apiaceae->Gasteruptiidae Geometridae Geometridae Apiaceae->Geometridae Herpestidae Herpestidae Apiaceae->Herpestidae Hybotidae Hybotidae Apiaceae->Hybotidae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae Apiaceae->Ichneumonidae Issidae Issidae Apiaceae->Issidae Lauxaniidae Lauxaniidae Apiaceae->Lauxaniidae Linyphiidae Linyphiidae Apiaceae->Linyphiidae Lonchopteridae Lonchopteridae Apiaceae->Lonchopteridae Lutjanidae Lutjanidae Apiaceae->Lutjanidae Meloidae Meloidae Apiaceae->Meloidae Mycteridae Mycteridae Apiaceae->Mycteridae Opomyzidae Opomyzidae Apiaceae->Opomyzidae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Apiaceae->Orchidaceae Pachychilidae Pachychilidae Apiaceae->Pachychilidae Panorpidae Panorpidae Apiaceae->Panorpidae Phalacridae Phalacridae Apiaceae->Phalacridae Phoridae Phoridae Apiaceae->Phoridae Polleniidae Polleniidae Apiaceae->Polleniidae Pseudocheiridae Pseudocheiridae Apiaceae->Pseudocheiridae Psilidae Psilidae Apiaceae->Psilidae Pteromalidae Pteromalidae Apiaceae->Pteromalidae Reduviidae Reduviidae Apiaceae->Reduviidae Sabellidae Sabellidae Apiaceae->Sabellidae Scathophagidae Scathophagidae Apiaceae->Scathophagidae Scenopinidae Scenopinidae Apiaceae->Scenopinidae Sciaridae Sciaridae Apiaceae->Sciaridae Sciomyzidae Sciomyzidae Apiaceae->Sciomyzidae Scraptiidae Scraptiidae Apiaceae->Scraptiidae Sepsidae Sepsidae Apiaceae->Sepsidae Sphaeroceridae Sphaeroceridae Apiaceae->Sphaeroceridae Sphecidae Sphecidae Apiaceae->Sphecidae Staphylinidae Staphylinidae Apiaceae->Staphylinidae Stratiomyidae Stratiomyidae Apiaceae->Stratiomyidae Tabanidae Tabanidae Apiaceae->Tabanidae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae Apiaceae->Tenebrionidae Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae Apiaceae->Tenthredinidae Tephritidae Tephritidae Apiaceae->Tephritidae Tetracampidae Tetracampidae Apiaceae->Tetracampidae Thripidae Thripidae Apiaceae->Thripidae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae Apiaceae->Tiphiidae Tipulidae Tipulidae Apiaceae->Tipulidae Ulidiidae Ulidiidae Apiaceae->Ulidiidae Xylophagidae Xylophagidae Apiaceae->Xylophagidae Asteraceae->Formicidae Asteraceae->Andrenidae Asteraceae->Apidae Asteraceae->Halictidae Asteraceae->Megachilidae Asteraceae->Melyridae Asteraceae->Mordellidae Asteraceae->Oedemeridae Asteraceae->Psychidae Asteraceae->Scarabaeidae Asteraceae->Cerambycidae Asteraceae->Pentatomidae Asteraceae->Syrphidae Asteraceae->Agromyzidae Asteraceae->Anaspidesidae Asteraceae->Anthomyiidae Asteraceae->Bibionidae Asteraceae->Bombyliidae Asteraceae->Braconidae Asteraceae->Calliphoridae Asteraceae->Cantharidae Asteraceae->Chrysomelidae Asteraceae->Colletidae Asteraceae->Conopidae Asteraceae->Crambidae Asteraceae->Curculionidae Asteraceae->Dermestidae Asteraceae->Empididae Asteraceae->Keroplatidae Asteraceae->Lycaenidae Asteraceae->Miridae Asteraceae->Muscidae Asteraceae->Nitidulidae Asteraceae->Noctuidae Asteraceae->Nymphalidae Asteraceae->Pieridae Asteraceae->Sarcophagidae Asteraceae->Scoliidae Asteraceae->Sphingidae Asteraceae->Tachinidae Asteraceae->Vespidae Asteraceae->Zygaenidae Asteraceae->Hesperiidae Asteraceae->Melittidae Asteraceae->Argidae Asteraceae->Asilidae Asteraceae->Buprestidae Asteraceae->Chloropidae Asteraceae->Chrysididae Asteraceae->Chrysopidae Asteraceae->Cimbicidae Asteraceae->Cleridae Asteraceae->Coccinellidae Asteraceae->Crabronidae Asteraceae->Dolichopodidae Asteraceae->Eurytomidae Asteraceae->Fanniidae Asteraceae->Figitidae Asteraceae->Gasteruptiidae Asteraceae->Geometridae Asteraceae->Herpestidae Asteraceae->Hybotidae Asteraceae->Ichneumonidae Asteraceae->Issidae Asteraceae->Linyphiidae Asteraceae->Meloidae Asteraceae->Mycteridae Asteraceae->Phalacridae Asteraceae->Phoridae Asteraceae->Polleniidae Asteraceae->Pseudocheiridae Asteraceae->Pteromalidae Asteraceae->Reduviidae Asteraceae->Sabellidae Asteraceae->Scathophagidae Asteraceae->Sciaridae Asteraceae->Sciomyzidae Asteraceae->Scraptiidae Asteraceae->Sepsidae Asteraceae->Sphecidae Asteraceae->Stratiomyidae Asteraceae->Tabanidae Asteraceae->Tenebrionidae Asteraceae->Tenthredinidae Asteraceae->Tephritidae Asteraceae->Thripidae Asteraceae->Tipulidae Asteraceae->Ulidiidae Asteraceae->Xylophagidae Elateridae Elateridae Asteraceae->Elateridae Limoniidae Limoniidae Asteraceae->Limoniidae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae Asteraceae->Ceratopogonidae Acrididae Acrididae Asteraceae->Acrididae Acroceridae Acroceridae Asteraceae->Acroceridae Alydidae Alydidae Asteraceae->Alydidae Apionidae Apionidae Asteraceae->Apionidae Bulimulidae Bulimulidae Asteraceae->Bulimulidae Cariamidae Cariamidae Asteraceae->Cariamidae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae Asteraceae->Cecidomyiidae Cephidae Cephidae Asteraceae->Cephidae Chaoboridae Chaoboridae Asteraceae->Chaoboridae Chironomidae Chironomidae Asteraceae->Chironomidae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae Asteraceae->Cicadellidae Coreidae Coreidae Asteraceae->Coreidae Dalmanitidae Dalmanitidae Asteraceae->Dalmanitidae Dorosomatidae Dorosomatidae Asteraceae->Dorosomatidae Ectobiidae Ectobiidae Asteraceae->Ectobiidae Encyrtidae Encyrtidae Asteraceae->Encyrtidae Ephydridae Ephydridae Asteraceae->Ephydridae Erebidae Erebidae Asteraceae->Erebidae Eulophidae Eulophidae Asteraceae->Eulophidae Gelechiidae Gelechiidae Asteraceae->Gelechiidae Glaphyridae Glaphyridae Asteraceae->Glaphyridae Glyphipterigidae Glyphipterigidae Asteraceae->Glyphipterigidae Heloridae Heloridae Asteraceae->Heloridae Leiodidae Leiodidae Asteraceae->Leiodidae Lithopteridae Lithopteridae Asteraceae->Lithopteridae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae Asteraceae->Lygaeidae Megalodontesidae Megalodontesidae Asteraceae->Megalodontesidae Melandryidae Melandryidae Asteraceae->Melandryidae Mellitidae Mellitidae Asteraceae->Mellitidae Membracidae Membracidae Asteraceae->Membracidae Mythicomyiidae Mythicomyiidae Asteraceae->Mythicomyiidae Nabidae Nabidae Asteraceae->Nabidae Papilionidae Papilionidae Asteraceae->Papilionidae Phocidae Phocidae Asteraceae->Phocidae Platystomatidae Platystomatidae Asteraceae->Platystomatidae Pterophoridae Pterophoridae Asteraceae->Pterophoridae Pyralidae Pyralidae Asteraceae->Pyralidae Rhinophoridae Rhinophoridae Asteraceae->Rhinophoridae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae Asteraceae->Rhopalidae Scatopsidae Scatopsidae Asteraceae->Scatopsidae Sesiidae Sesiidae Asteraceae->Sesiidae Sphyrnidae Sphyrnidae Asteraceae->Sphyrnidae Vanikoridae Vanikoridae Asteraceae->Vanikoridae Orchidaceae->Andrenidae Orchidaceae->Apidae Orchidaceae->Halictidae Orchidaceae->Megachilidae Orchidaceae->Melyridae Orchidaceae->Psychidae Orchidaceae->Scarabaeidae Orchidaceae->Syrphidae Orchidaceae->Anthomyiidae Orchidaceae->Calliphoridae Orchidaceae->Muscidae Orchidaceae->Nymphalidae Orchidaceae->Pieridae Orchidaceae->Scoliidae Orchidaceae->Sphingidae Orchidaceae->Zygaenidae Orchidaceae->Hesperiidae Staphylinidae->Syrphidae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae->Apidae Apocynaceae->Pentatomidae Apocynaceae->Syrphidae Apocynaceae->Pieridae Apocynaceae->Hybotidae Apocynaceae->Elateridae Araceae Araceae Araceae->Apidae Araceae->Pieridae Araceae->Limoniidae Araliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae->Apidae Araliaceae->Syrphidae Araliaceae->Calliphoridae Araliaceae->Colletidae Araliaceae->Muscidae Araliaceae->Nymphalidae Araliaceae->Tachinidae Araliaceae->Vespidae Araliaceae->Fanniidae Lonchaeidae Lonchaeidae Araliaceae->Lonchaeidae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae->Formicidae Asparagaceae->Andrenidae Asparagaceae->Apidae Asparagaceae->Halictidae Asparagaceae->Megachilidae Asparagaceae->Melyridae Asparagaceae->Oedemeridae Asparagaceae->Scarabaeidae Asparagaceae->Cerambycidae Asparagaceae->Pentatomidae Asparagaceae->Syrphidae Asparagaceae->Anthomyiidae Asparagaceae->Bombyliidae Asparagaceae->Braconidae Asparagaceae->Colletidae Asparagaceae->Dermestidae Asparagaceae->Pieridae Asparagaceae->Sarcophagidae Asparagaceae->Tachinidae Asparagaceae->Vespidae Asparagaceae->Cleridae Asparagaceae->Crabronidae Asparagaceae->Tenebrionidae Asparagaceae->Lonchaeidae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae->Formicidae Asphodelaceae->Andrenidae Asphodelaceae->Apidae Asphodelaceae->Halictidae Asphodelaceae->Megachilidae Asphodelaceae->Melyridae Asphodelaceae->Psychidae Asphodelaceae->Scarabaeidae Asphodelaceae->Pentatomidae Asphodelaceae->Syrphidae Asphodelaceae->Anthomyiidae Asphodelaceae->Bibionidae Asphodelaceae->Bombyliidae Asphodelaceae->Calliphoridae Asphodelaceae->Chrysomelidae Asphodelaceae->Conopidae Asphodelaceae->Empididae Asphodelaceae->Lycaenidae Asphodelaceae->Miridae Asphodelaceae->Muscidae Asphodelaceae->Nitidulidae Asphodelaceae->Pieridae Asphodelaceae->Sarcophagidae Asphodelaceae->Scoliidae Asphodelaceae->Sphingidae Asphodelaceae->Tachinidae Asphodelaceae->Vespidae Asphodelaceae->Chloropidae Asphodelaceae->Coccinellidae Asphodelaceae->Crabronidae Asphodelaceae->Eurytomidae Asphodelaceae->Polleniidae Asphodelaceae->Pteromalidae Asphodelaceae->Sciaridae Asphodelaceae->Staphylinidae Asphodelaceae->Tephritidae Asphodelaceae->Thripidae Asphodelaceae->Limoniidae Asphodelaceae->Lonchaeidae Asphodelaceae->Ceratopogonidae Cecidomyiidae->Andrenidae Cicadellidae->Apidae Cicadellidae->Halictidae Cicadellidae->Megachilidae Cicadellidae->Muscidae Cicadellidae->Vespidae Cicadellidae->Byrrhidae Erebidae->Apidae Eulophidae->Andrenidae Eulophidae->Apidae Eulophidae->Halictidae Eulophidae->Syrphidae Eulophidae->Colletidae Eulophidae->Lycaenidae Eulophidae->Nymphalidae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae->Apidae Balsaminaceae->Halictidae Balsaminaceae->Syrphidae Balsaminaceae->Nymphalidae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae Begoniaceae->Apidae Begoniaceae->Syrphidae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae->Apidae Berberidaceae->Syrphidae Berberidaceae->Calliphoridae Berberidaceae->Vespidae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae->Formicidae Boraginaceae->Andrenidae Boraginaceae->Apidae Boraginaceae->Halictidae Boraginaceae->Megachilidae Boraginaceae->Melyridae Boraginaceae->Psychidae Boraginaceae->Scarabaeidae Boraginaceae->Syrphidae Boraginaceae->Anthomyiidae Boraginaceae->Bombyliidae Boraginaceae->Colletidae Boraginaceae->Conopidae Boraginaceae->Curculionidae Boraginaceae->Empididae Boraginaceae->Lycaenidae Boraginaceae->Muscidae Boraginaceae->Nitidulidae Boraginaceae->Noctuidae Boraginaceae->Nymphalidae Boraginaceae->Pieridae Boraginaceae->Sphingidae Boraginaceae->Tachinidae Boraginaceae->Vespidae Boraginaceae->Zygaenidae Boraginaceae->Hesperiidae Boraginaceae->Melittidae Boraginaceae->Linyphiidae Boraginaceae->Scathophagidae Boraginaceae->Stratiomyidae Boraginaceae->Tabanidae Boraginaceae->Tenthredinidae Boraginaceae->Erebidae Boraginaceae->Leiodidae Boraginaceae->Mellitidae Boraginaceae->Papilionidae Boraginaceae->Sesiidae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae Boraginaceae->Anthocoridae Bougainvilliidae Bougainvilliidae Bougainvilliidae->Apidae Bougainvilliidae->Halictidae Bougainvilliidae->Syrphidae Bougainvilliidae->Sphingidae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae->Formicidae Brassicaceae->Andrenidae Brassicaceae->Apidae Brassicaceae->Halictidae Brassicaceae->Megachilidae Brassicaceae->Melyridae Brassicaceae->Mordellidae Brassicaceae->Oedemeridae Brassicaceae->Psychidae Brassicaceae->Scarabaeidae Brassicaceae->Cerambycidae Brassicaceae->Pentatomidae Brassicaceae->Syrphidae Brassicaceae->Agromyzidae Brassicaceae->Anaspidesidae Brassicaceae->Anthomyiidae Brassicaceae->Bombyliidae Brassicaceae->Colletidae Brassicaceae->Conopidae Brassicaceae->Curculionidae Brassicaceae->Empididae Brassicaceae->Lycaenidae Brassicaceae->Miridae Brassicaceae->Muscidae Brassicaceae->Nymphalidae Brassicaceae->Pieridae Brassicaceae->Pompilidae Brassicaceae->Sarcophagidae Brassicaceae->Tachinidae Brassicaceae->Vespidae Brassicaceae->Zygaenidae Brassicaceae->Hesperiidae Brassicaceae->Buprestidae Brassicaceae->Chrysididae Brassicaceae->Coccinellidae Brassicaceae->Crabronidae Brassicaceae->Fanniidae Brassicaceae->Geometridae Brassicaceae->Ichneumonidae Brassicaceae->Phoridae Brassicaceae->Polleniidae Brassicaceae->Pseudocheiridae Brassicaceae->Scathophagidae Brassicaceae->Sciomyzidae Brassicaceae->Staphylinidae Brassicaceae->Tenebrionidae Brassicaceae->Tenthredinidae Brassicaceae->Thripidae Brassicaceae->Tipulidae Brassicaceae->Cephidae Brassicaceae->Chaoboridae Brassicaceae->Erebidae Adelidae Adelidae Brassicaceae->Adelidae Carabidae Carabidae Brassicaceae->Carabidae Eucnemidae Eucnemidae Brassicaceae->Eucnemidae Kateretidae Kateretidae Brassicaceae->Kateretidae Buxaceae Buxaceae Buxaceae->Andrenidae Buxaceae->Apidae Buxaceae->Halictidae Buxaceae->Syrphidae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae->Formicidae Cactaceae->Apidae Cactaceae->Halictidae Cactaceae->Megachilidae Cactaceae->Melyridae Cactaceae->Mordellidae Cactaceae->Oedemeridae Cactaceae->Scarabaeidae Cactaceae->Colletidae Cactaceae->Scoliidae Cactaceae->Meloidae Calliostomatidae Calliostomatidae Calliostomatidae->Andrenidae Calliostomatidae->Apidae Calliostomatidae->Scarabaeidae Calliostomatidae->Syrphidae Calliostomatidae->Calliphoridae Calliostomatidae->Lycaenidae Calliostomatidae->Nymphalidae Calliostomatidae->Tachinidae Calliostomatidae->Vespidae Calliostomatidae->Ceratopogonidae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae->Formicidae Campanulaceae->Andrenidae Campanulaceae->Apidae Campanulaceae->Halictidae Campanulaceae->Megachilidae Campanulaceae->Melyridae Campanulaceae->Oedemeridae Campanulaceae->Scarabaeidae Campanulaceae->Cerambycidae Campanulaceae->Syrphidae Campanulaceae->Anthomyiidae Campanulaceae->Bombyliidae Campanulaceae->Braconidae Campanulaceae->Calliphoridae Campanulaceae->Colletidae Campanulaceae->Conopidae Campanulaceae->Crambidae Campanulaceae->Curculionidae Campanulaceae->Empididae Campanulaceae->Lycaenidae Campanulaceae->Miridae Campanulaceae->Muscidae Campanulaceae->Nitidulidae Campanulaceae->Noctuidae Campanulaceae->Nymphalidae Campanulaceae->Pieridae Campanulaceae->Sphingidae Campanulaceae->Tachinidae Campanulaceae->Vespidae Campanulaceae->Zygaenidae Campanulaceae->Hesperiidae Campanulaceae->Melittidae Campanulaceae->Asilidae Campanulaceae->Chloropidae Campanulaceae->Coccinellidae Campanulaceae->Dolichopodidae Campanulaceae->Fanniidae Campanulaceae->Geometridae Campanulaceae->Linyphiidae Campanulaceae->Opomyzidae Campanulaceae->Phalacridae Campanulaceae->Phoridae Campanulaceae->Reduviidae Campanulaceae->Sepsidae Campanulaceae->Sphecidae Campanulaceae->Tenebrionidae Campanulaceae->Dorosomatidae Campanulaceae->Erebidae Campanulaceae->Glaphyridae Campanulaceae->Sesiidae Cannabaceae Cannabaceae Cannabaceae->Halictidae Cannabaceae->Syrphidae Cannaceae Cannaceae Cannaceae->Apidae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae->Andrenidae Caprifoliaceae->Apidae Caprifoliaceae->Halictidae Caprifoliaceae->Megachilidae Caprifoliaceae->Melyridae Caprifoliaceae->Mordellidae Caprifoliaceae->Oedemeridae Caprifoliaceae->Psychidae Caprifoliaceae->Scarabaeidae Caprifoliaceae->Cerambycidae Caprifoliaceae->Pentatomidae Caprifoliaceae->Syrphidae Caprifoliaceae->Anthomyiidae Caprifoliaceae->Bombyliidae Caprifoliaceae->Braconidae Caprifoliaceae->Calliphoridae Caprifoliaceae->Cantharidae Caprifoliaceae->Chrysomelidae Caprifoliaceae->Colletidae Caprifoliaceae->Conopidae Caprifoliaceae->Crambidae Caprifoliaceae->Curculionidae Caprifoliaceae->Empididae Caprifoliaceae->Lycaenidae Caprifoliaceae->Miridae Caprifoliaceae->Muscidae Caprifoliaceae->Nitidulidae Caprifoliaceae->Noctuidae Caprifoliaceae->Nymphalidae Caprifoliaceae->Pieridae Caprifoliaceae->Sarcophagidae Caprifoliaceae->Scoliidae Caprifoliaceae->Sphingidae Caprifoliaceae->Tachinidae Caprifoliaceae->Vespidae Caprifoliaceae->Zygaenidae Caprifoliaceae->Hesperiidae Caprifoliaceae->Melittidae Caprifoliaceae->Buprestidae Caprifoliaceae->Cleridae Caprifoliaceae->Crabronidae Caprifoliaceae->Dolichopodidae Caprifoliaceae->Fanniidae Caprifoliaceae->Geometridae Caprifoliaceae->Ichneumonidae Caprifoliaceae->Issidae Caprifoliaceae->Meloidae Caprifoliaceae->Opomyzidae Caprifoliaceae->Polleniidae Caprifoliaceae->Sciaridae Caprifoliaceae->Tenebrionidae Caprifoliaceae->Xylophagidae Caprifoliaceae->Elateridae Caprifoliaceae->Bulimulidae Caprifoliaceae->Erebidae Caprifoliaceae->Papilionidae Caprifoliaceae->Pterophoridae Caprifoliaceae->Adelidae Caprifoliaceae->Carabidae Melithaeidae Melithaeidae Caprifoliaceae->Melithaeidae Tortricidae Tortricidae Caprifoliaceae->Tortricidae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae->Formicidae Caryophyllaceae->Andrenidae Caryophyllaceae->Apidae Caryophyllaceae->Halictidae Caryophyllaceae->Megachilidae Caryophyllaceae->Melyridae Caryophyllaceae->Mordellidae Caryophyllaceae->Oedemeridae Caryophyllaceae->Psychidae Caryophyllaceae->Cerambycidae Caryophyllaceae->Pentatomidae Caryophyllaceae->Syrphidae Caryophyllaceae->Anthomyiidae Caryophyllaceae->Bombyliidae Caryophyllaceae->Braconidae Caryophyllaceae->Chrysomelidae Caryophyllaceae->Colletidae Caryophyllaceae->Conopidae Caryophyllaceae->Curculionidae Caryophyllaceae->Empididae Caryophyllaceae->Lycaenidae Caryophyllaceae->Miridae Caryophyllaceae->Muscidae Caryophyllaceae->Noctuidae Caryophyllaceae->Nymphalidae Caryophyllaceae->Pieridae Caryophyllaceae->Sarcophagidae Caryophyllaceae->Sphingidae Caryophyllaceae->Tachinidae Caryophyllaceae->Vespidae Caryophyllaceae->Zygaenidae Caryophyllaceae->Hesperiidae Caryophyllaceae->Melittidae Caryophyllaceae->Chloropidae Caryophyllaceae->Coccinellidae Caryophyllaceae->Crabronidae Caryophyllaceae->Fanniidae Caryophyllaceae->Ichneumonidae Caryophyllaceae->Issidae Caryophyllaceae->Pachychilidae Caryophyllaceae->Phalacridae Caryophyllaceae->Phoridae Caryophyllaceae->Sabellidae Caryophyllaceae->Sepsidae Caryophyllaceae->Thripidae Caryophyllaceae->Ceratopogonidae Caryophyllaceae->Cecidomyiidae Caryophyllaceae->Erebidae Bugulidae Bugulidae Caryophyllaceae->Bugulidae Coleophoridae Coleophoridae Caryophyllaceae->Coleophoridae Dryomyzidae Dryomyzidae Caryophyllaceae->Dryomyzidae Micropterigidae Micropterigidae Caryophyllaceae->Micropterigidae Celastraceae Celastraceae Celastraceae->Andrenidae Celastraceae->Apidae Celastraceae->Halictidae Celastraceae->Pentatomidae Celastraceae->Syrphidae Celastraceae->Anthomyiidae Celastraceae->Calliphoridae Celastraceae->Empididae Celastraceae->Keroplatidae Celastraceae->Muscidae Celastraceae->Pieridae Celastraceae->Sarcophagidae Celastraceae->Tachinidae Celastraceae->Geometridae Celastraceae->Lauxaniidae Celastraceae->Scathophagidae Celastraceae->Sepsidae Cistaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae->Formicidae Cistaceae->Andrenidae Cistaceae->Apidae Cistaceae->Halictidae Cistaceae->Megachilidae Cistaceae->Melyridae Cistaceae->Mordellidae Cistaceae->Oedemeridae Cistaceae->Psychidae Cistaceae->Scarabaeidae Cistaceae->Cerambycidae Cistaceae->Pentatomidae Cistaceae->Syrphidae Cistaceae->Anaspidesidae Cistaceae->Anthomyiidae Cistaceae->Bibionidae Cistaceae->Bombyliidae Cistaceae->Calliphoridae Cistaceae->Chrysomelidae Cistaceae->Colletidae Cistaceae->Conopidae Cistaceae->Curculionidae Cistaceae->Dermestidae Cistaceae->Empididae Cistaceae->Keroplatidae Cistaceae->Lycaenidae Cistaceae->Miridae Cistaceae->Muscidae Cistaceae->Nitidulidae Cistaceae->Noctuidae Cistaceae->Nymphalidae Cistaceae->Pieridae Cistaceae->Pompilidae Cistaceae->Sarcophagidae Cistaceae->Scoliidae Cistaceae->Tachinidae Cistaceae->Vespidae Cistaceae->Zygaenidae Cistaceae->Melittidae Cistaceae->Asilidae Cistaceae->Buprestidae Cistaceae->Chloropidae Cistaceae->Chrysididae Cistaceae->Cleridae Cistaceae->Coccinellidae Cistaceae->Crabronidae Cistaceae->Dolichopodidae Cistaceae->Drosophilidae Cistaceae->Fanniidae Cistaceae->Geometridae Cistaceae->Ichneumonidae Cistaceae->Linyphiidae Cistaceae->Meloidae Cistaceae->Mycteridae Cistaceae->Phalacridae Cistaceae->Polleniidae Cistaceae->Pteromalidae Cistaceae->Reduviidae Cistaceae->Scathophagidae Cistaceae->Scraptiidae Cistaceae->Sphecidae Cistaceae->Tabanidae Cistaceae->Tenebrionidae Cistaceae->Tenthredinidae Cistaceae->Tephritidae Cistaceae->Lonchaeidae Cistaceae->Ectobiidae Cistaceae->Encyrtidae Cistaceae->Ephydridae Cistaceae->Erebidae Cistaceae->Glaphyridae Cistaceae->Glyphipterigidae Cistaceae->Lygaeidae Cistaceae->Megalodontesidae Cistaceae->Mythicomyiidae Cistaceae->Rhopalidae Cistaceae->Scatopsidae Attelabidae Attelabidae Cistaceae->Attelabidae Bethylidae Bethylidae Cistaceae->Bethylidae Cixiidae Cixiidae Cistaceae->Cixiidae Forficulidae Forficulidae Cistaceae->Forficulidae Heleomyzidae Heleomyzidae Cistaceae->Heleomyzidae Milichiidae Milichiidae Cistaceae->Milichiidae Mycetophilidae Mycetophilidae Cistaceae->Mycetophilidae Therevidae Therevidae Cistaceae->Therevidae Clavilithidae Clavilithidae Clavilithidae->Syrphidae Colchicaceae Colchicaceae Colchicaceae->Formicidae Colchicaceae->Andrenidae Colchicaceae->Apidae Colchicaceae->Halictidae Colchicaceae->Syrphidae Colchicaceae->Anthomyiidae Colchicaceae->Calliphoridae Colchicaceae->Empididae Colchicaceae->Lycaenidae Colchicaceae->Muscidae Colchicaceae->Nymphalidae Colchicaceae->Pieridae Colchicaceae->Sarcophagidae Colchicaceae->Tachinidae Colchicaceae->Vespidae Colchicaceae->Asilidae Colchicaceae->Polleniidae Colchicaceae->Thripidae Colchicaceae->Ephydridae Camillidae Camillidae Colchicaceae->Camillidae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae->Formicidae Convolvulaceae->Andrenidae Convolvulaceae->Apidae Convolvulaceae->Halictidae Convolvulaceae->Megachilidae Convolvulaceae->Melyridae Convolvulaceae->Mordellidae Convolvulaceae->Oedemeridae Convolvulaceae->Psychidae Convolvulaceae->Pentatomidae Convolvulaceae->Syrphidae Convolvulaceae->Bombyliidae Convolvulaceae->Chrysomelidae Convolvulaceae->Colletidae Convolvulaceae->Conopidae Convolvulaceae->Miridae Convolvulaceae->Muscidae Convolvulaceae->Nymphalidae Convolvulaceae->Pieridae Convolvulaceae->Sarcophagidae Convolvulaceae->Scoliidae Convolvulaceae->Tachinidae Convolvulaceae->Vespidae Convolvulaceae->Melittidae Convolvulaceae->Buprestidae Convolvulaceae->Chloropidae Convolvulaceae->Polleniidae Convolvulaceae->Pteromalidae Convolvulaceae->Ephydridae Convolvulaceae->Gelechiidae Convolvulaceae->Melandryidae Cornaceae Cornaceae Cornaceae->Andrenidae Cornaceae->Apidae Cornaceae->Halictidae Cornaceae->Syrphidae Cornaceae->Colletidae Cornaceae->Sciaridae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae->Formicidae Crassulaceae->Andrenidae Crassulaceae->Apidae Crassulaceae->Halictidae Crassulaceae->Megachilidae Crassulaceae->Melyridae Crassulaceae->Mordellidae Crassulaceae->Oedemeridae Crassulaceae->Scarabaeidae Crassulaceae->Cerambycidae Crassulaceae->Syrphidae Crassulaceae->Bombyliidae Crassulaceae->Colletidae Crassulaceae->Lycaenidae Crassulaceae->Nitidulidae Crassulaceae->Nymphalidae Crassulaceae->Pieridae Crassulaceae->Scoliidae Crassulaceae->Sphingidae Crassulaceae->Tachinidae Crassulaceae->Vespidae Crassulaceae->Cleridae Crassulaceae->Crabronidae Crassulaceae->Sepsidae Crassulaceae->Sphecidae Crassulaceae->Erebidae Crisiidae Crisiidae Crisiidae->Halictidae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae->Andrenidae Cucurbitaceae->Apidae Cucurbitaceae->Halictidae Cucurbitaceae->Vespidae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae->Andrenidae Cupressaceae->Apidae Cupressaceae->Syrphidae Cupressaceae->Colletidae Cupuladriidae Cupuladriidae Cupuladriidae->Andrenidae Cupuladriidae->Scarabaeidae Cupuladriidae->Bombyliidae Cymuloporidae Cymuloporidae Cymuloporidae->Andrenidae Cymuloporidae->Apidae Cymuloporidae->Halictidae Cymuloporidae->Megachilidae Cymuloporidae->Oedemeridae Cymuloporidae->Scarabaeidae Cymuloporidae->Syrphidae Cymuloporidae->Bombyliidae Cymuloporidae->Colletidae Cymuloporidae->Conopidae Cymuloporidae->Empididae Cymuloporidae->Tachinidae Cymuloporidae->Zygaenidae Cymuloporidae->Ichneumonidae Cymuloporidae->Tenebrionidae Cymuloporidae->Tenthredinidae Cymuloporidae->Cephidae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae->Andrenidae Cyperaceae->Apidae Cyperaceae->Syrphidae Depressariidae Depressariidae Depressariidae->Apidae Depressariidae->Halictidae Depressariidae->Nymphalidae Depressariidae->Vespidae Paridae Paridae Depressariidae->Paridae Vermileonidae Vermileonidae Depressariidae->Vermileonidae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae->Melyridae Ephedraceae->Syrphidae Ephedraceae->Calliphoridae Ephedraceae->Tachinidae Ephedraceae->Vespidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Ephedraceae->Coenagrionidae Ericaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae->Formicidae Ericaceae->Andrenidae Ericaceae->Apidae Ericaceae->Halictidae Ericaceae->Cerambycidae Ericaceae->Pentatomidae Ericaceae->Syrphidae Ericaceae->Bibionidae Ericaceae->Calliphoridae Ericaceae->Cantharidae Ericaceae->Colletidae Ericaceae->Conopidae Ericaceae->Empididae Ericaceae->Lycaenidae Ericaceae->Muscidae Ericaceae->Noctuidae Ericaceae->Nymphalidae Ericaceae->Pieridae Ericaceae->Pompilidae Ericaceae->Sarcophagidae Ericaceae->Tachinidae Ericaceae->Vespidae Ericaceae->Chrysididae Ericaceae->Coccinellidae Ericaceae->Crabronidae Ericaceae->Dolichopodidae Ericaceae->Fanniidae Ericaceae->Ichneumonidae Ericaceae->Lauxaniidae Ericaceae->Polleniidae Ericaceae->Scathophagidae Ericaceae->Sciaridae Ericaceae->Scraptiidae Ericaceae->Sepsidae Ericaceae->Sphecidae Ericaceae->Tabanidae Ericaceae->Ectobiidae Ericaceae->Vermileonidae Cichlidae Cichlidae Ericaceae->Cichlidae Escalloniaceae Escalloniaceae Escalloniaceae->Apidae Escalloniaceae->Syrphidae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae->Formicidae Euphorbiaceae->Andrenidae Euphorbiaceae->Apidae Euphorbiaceae->Halictidae Euphorbiaceae->Megachilidae Euphorbiaceae->Melyridae Euphorbiaceae->Mordellidae Euphorbiaceae->Oedemeridae Euphorbiaceae->Psychidae Euphorbiaceae->Scarabaeidae Euphorbiaceae->Pentatomidae Euphorbiaceae->Syrphidae Euphorbiaceae->Anaspidesidae Euphorbiaceae->Anthomyiidae Euphorbiaceae->Bombyliidae Euphorbiaceae->Calliphoridae Euphorbiaceae->Cantharidae Euphorbiaceae->Chrysomelidae Euphorbiaceae->Colletidae Euphorbiaceae->Empididae Euphorbiaceae->Lycaenidae Euphorbiaceae->Miridae Euphorbiaceae->Muscidae Euphorbiaceae->Pompilidae Euphorbiaceae->Sarcophagidae Euphorbiaceae->Tachinidae Euphorbiaceae->Vespidae Euphorbiaceae->Argidae Euphorbiaceae->Buprestidae Euphorbiaceae->Chloropidae Euphorbiaceae->Chrysididae Euphorbiaceae->Coccinellidae Euphorbiaceae->Crabronidae Euphorbiaceae->Fanniidae Euphorbiaceae->Gasteruptiidae Euphorbiaceae->Polleniidae Euphorbiaceae->Scathophagidae Euphorbiaceae->Sciomyzidae Euphorbiaceae->Tenthredinidae Euphorbiaceae->Tephritidae Euphorbiaceae->Thripidae Euphorbiaceae->Cariamidae Euphorbiaceae->Leiodidae Euphorbiaceae->Melandryidae Gyrodontidae Gyrodontidae Euphorbiaceae->Gyrodontidae Lacertidae Lacertidae Euphorbiaceae->Lacertidae Stenocephalidae Stenocephalidae Euphorbiaceae->Stenocephalidae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae->Formicidae Fabaceae->Andrenidae Fabaceae->Apidae Fabaceae->Halictidae Fabaceae->Megachilidae Fabaceae->Melyridae Fabaceae->Oedemeridae Fabaceae->Psychidae Fabaceae->Scarabaeidae Fabaceae->Cerambycidae Fabaceae->Pentatomidae Fabaceae->Syrphidae Fabaceae->Anaspidesidae Fabaceae->Anthomyiidae Fabaceae->Bibionidae Fabaceae->Bombyliidae Fabaceae->Calliphoridae Fabaceae->Cantharidae Fabaceae->Chrysomelidae Fabaceae->Colletidae Fabaceae->Conopidae Fabaceae->Curculionidae Fabaceae->Dermestidae Fabaceae->Empididae Fabaceae->Lycaenidae Fabaceae->Miridae Fabaceae->Muscidae Fabaceae->Nitidulidae Fabaceae->Noctuidae Fabaceae->Nymphalidae Fabaceae->Pieridae Fabaceae->Sarcophagidae Fabaceae->Scoliidae Fabaceae->Sphingidae Fabaceae->Tachinidae Fabaceae->Vespidae Fabaceae->Zygaenidae Fabaceae->Hesperiidae Fabaceae->Melittidae Fabaceae->Asilidae Fabaceae->Buprestidae Fabaceae->Chloropidae Fabaceae->Coccinellidae Fabaceae->Crabronidae Fabaceae->Drosophilidae Fabaceae->Fanniidae Fabaceae->Gasteruptiidae Fabaceae->Geometridae Fabaceae->Ichneumonidae Fabaceae->Issidae Fabaceae->Linyphiidae Fabaceae->Meloidae Fabaceae->Phalacridae Fabaceae->Polleniidae Fabaceae->Pteromalidae Fabaceae->Scathophagidae Fabaceae->Sciomyzidae Fabaceae->Sepsidae Fabaceae->Sphecidae Fabaceae->Staphylinidae Fabaceae->Stratiomyidae Fabaceae->Tabanidae Fabaceae->Tenebrionidae Fabaceae->Tephritidae Fabaceae->Thripidae Fabaceae->Ulidiidae Fabaceae->Xylophagidae Fabaceae->Acrididae Fabaceae->Coreidae Fabaceae->Erebidae Fabaceae->Leiodidae Fabaceae->Megalodontesidae Fabaceae->Pyralidae Fabaceae->Sphyrnidae Fabaceae->Eucnemidae Fabaceae->Tortricidae Fabaceae->Cixiidae Fabaceae->Cichlidae Fabaceae->Lacertidae Brentidae Brentidae Fabaceae->Brentidae Delphacidae Delphacidae Fabaceae->Delphacidae Opheliidae Opheliidae Fabaceae->Opheliidae Fagaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae->Apidae Frankeniaceae Frankeniaceae Frankeniaceae->Formicidae Frankeniaceae->Psychidae Frankeniaceae->Cerambycidae Frankeniaceae->Anthomyiidae Frankeniaceae->Bombyliidae Frankeniaceae->Calliphoridae Frankeniaceae->Lycaenidae Frankeniaceae->Muscidae Frankeniaceae->Sarcophagidae Frankeniaceae->Thripidae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae->Andrenidae Gentianaceae->Apidae Gentianaceae->Halictidae Gentianaceae->Megachilidae Gentianaceae->Melyridae Gentianaceae->Oedemeridae Gentianaceae->Syrphidae Gentianaceae->Anthomyiidae Gentianaceae->Bombyliidae Gentianaceae->Braconidae Gentianaceae->Calliphoridae Gentianaceae->Cantharidae Gentianaceae->Colletidae Gentianaceae->Curculionidae Gentianaceae->Empididae Gentianaceae->Lycaenidae Gentianaceae->Miridae Gentianaceae->Muscidae Gentianaceae->Nymphalidae Gentianaceae->Pieridae Gentianaceae->Tachinidae Gentianaceae->Zygaenidae Gentianaceae->Buprestidae Gentianaceae->Dorosomatidae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae->Andrenidae Geraniaceae->Apidae Geraniaceae->Halictidae Geraniaceae->Megachilidae Geraniaceae->Pentatomidae Geraniaceae->Syrphidae Geraniaceae->Agromyzidae Geraniaceae->Anthomyiidae Geraniaceae->Bombyliidae Geraniaceae->Braconidae Geraniaceae->Colletidae Geraniaceae->Conopidae Geraniaceae->Empididae Geraniaceae->Lycaenidae Geraniaceae->Muscidae Geraniaceae->Nymphalidae Geraniaceae->Pieridae Geraniaceae->Sarcophagidae Geraniaceae->Sphingidae Geraniaceae->Tachinidae Geraniaceae->Hesperiidae Geraniaceae->Melittidae Geraniaceae->Crabronidae Geraniaceae->Fanniidae Geraniaceae->Sphaeroceridae Geraniaceae->Sphecidae Geraniaceae->Tabanidae Geraniaceae->Tenthredinidae Geraniaceae->Erebidae Geraniaceae->Megalodontesidae Geraniaceae->Papilionidae Geraniaceae->Lacertidae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae->Andrenidae Grossulariaceae->Apidae Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae->Apidae Heliotropiaceae->Bombyliidae Heliotropiaceae->Vespidae Heliotropiaceae->Erebidae Heliotropiaceae->Lacertidae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae->Andrenidae Hydrangeaceae->Apidae Hydrangeaceae->Halictidae Hydrangeaceae->Megachilidae Hydrangeaceae->Melyridae Hydrangeaceae->Scarabaeidae Hydrangeaceae->Syrphidae Hydrangeaceae->Calliphoridae Hydrangeaceae->Colletidae Hydrangeaceae->Dermestidae Hydrangeaceae->Muscidae Hydrangeaceae->Nymphalidae Hydrangeaceae->Vespidae Hydrangeaceae->Chrysididae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae->Apidae Hydrophyllaceae->Halictidae Hydrophyllaceae->Megachilidae Hydrophyllaceae->Syrphidae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae->Formicidae Hypericaceae->Andrenidae Hypericaceae->Apidae Hypericaceae->Halictidae Hypericaceae->Megachilidae Hypericaceae->Melyridae Hypericaceae->Oedemeridae Hypericaceae->Pentatomidae Hypericaceae->Syrphidae Hypericaceae->Anthomyiidae Hypericaceae->Bombyliidae Hypericaceae->Cantharidae Hypericaceae->Chrysomelidae Hypericaceae->Colletidae Hypericaceae->Conopidae Hypericaceae->Crambidae Hypericaceae->Lycaenidae Hypericaceae->Muscidae Hypericaceae->Nitidulidae Hypericaceae->Nymphalidae Hypericaceae->Sarcophagidae Hypericaceae->Tachinidae Hypericaceae->Zygaenidae Hypericaceae->Hesperiidae Hypericaceae->Melittidae Hypericaceae->Asilidae Hypericaceae->Buprestidae Hypericaceae->Coccinellidae Hypericaceae->Crabronidae Hypericaceae->Fanniidae Hypericaceae->Linyphiidae Hypericaceae->Polleniidae Hypericaceae->Sphecidae Hypericaceae->Tabanidae Hypericaceae->Tephritidae Hypericaceae->Thripidae Hypericaceae->Acrididae Hypericaceae->Cicadellidae Hypericaceae->Erebidae Rhagionidae Rhagionidae Hypericaceae->Rhagionidae Iridaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae->Apidae Iridaceae->Halictidae Iridaceae->Megachilidae Iridaceae->Melyridae Iridaceae->Oedemeridae Iridaceae->Syrphidae Iridaceae->Calliphoridae Iridaceae->Tachinidae Iridaceae->Megalodontesidae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae->Formicidae Lamiaceae->Andrenidae Lamiaceae->Apidae Lamiaceae->Halictidae Lamiaceae->Megachilidae Lamiaceae->Melyridae Lamiaceae->Oedemeridae Lamiaceae->Scarabaeidae Lamiaceae->Pentatomidae Lamiaceae->Syrphidae Lamiaceae->Anthomyiidae Lamiaceae->Bibionidae Lamiaceae->Bombyliidae Lamiaceae->Calliphoridae Lamiaceae->Chrysomelidae Lamiaceae->Colletidae Lamiaceae->Conopidae Lamiaceae->Crambidae Lamiaceae->Empididae Lamiaceae->Lycaenidae Lamiaceae->Muscidae Lamiaceae->Nitidulidae Lamiaceae->Noctuidae Lamiaceae->Nymphalidae Lamiaceae->Pieridae Lamiaceae->Pompilidae Lamiaceae->Sarcophagidae Lamiaceae->Scoliidae Lamiaceae->Sphingidae Lamiaceae->Tachinidae Lamiaceae->Vespidae Lamiaceae->Zygaenidae Lamiaceae->Hesperiidae Lamiaceae->Melittidae Lamiaceae->Buprestidae Lamiaceae->Chrysididae Lamiaceae->Cleridae Lamiaceae->Coccinellidae Lamiaceae->Crabronidae Lamiaceae->Culicidae Lamiaceae->Geometridae Lamiaceae->Ichneumonidae Lamiaceae->Linyphiidae Lamiaceae->Meloidae Lamiaceae->Polleniidae Lamiaceae->Sphecidae Lamiaceae->Tabanidae Lamiaceae->Tephritidae Lamiaceae->Thripidae Lamiaceae->Tiphiidae Lamiaceae->Ectobiidae Lamiaceae->Erebidae Lamiaceae->Papilionidae Lamiaceae->Scatopsidae Lamiaceae->Adelidae Lamiaceae->Milichiidae Lamiaceae->Rhagionidae Cacatuidae Cacatuidae Lamiaceae->Cacatuidae Leucospidae Leucospidae Lamiaceae->Leucospidae Nemopteridae Nemopteridae Lamiaceae->Nemopteridae Pyrrhocoridae Pyrrhocoridae Lamiaceae->Pyrrhocoridae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae->Apidae Lauraceae->Vespidae Lauraceae->Erebidae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae->Syrphidae Lentibulariaceae->Anthomyiidae Lentibulariaceae->Pieridae Liliaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae->Apidae Liliaceae->Halictidae Liliaceae->Nymphalidae Liliaceae->Coccinellidae Liliaceae->Phoridae Linaceae Linaceae Linaceae->Andrenidae Linaceae->Apidae Linaceae->Halictidae Linaceae->Megachilidae Linaceae->Melyridae Linaceae->Syrphidae Linaceae->Bombyliidae Linaceae->Chrysomelidae Linaceae->Chloropidae Linaceae->Tetracampidae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae Loranthaceae->Andrenidae Loranthaceae->Apidae Loranthaceae->Sphingidae Loranthaceae->Vespidae Lotidae Lotidae Lotidae->Apidae Lythraceae Lythraceae Lythraceae->Apidae Lythraceae->Halictidae Lythraceae->Megachilidae Lythraceae->Pentatomidae Lythraceae->Syrphidae Lythraceae->Colletidae Lythraceae->Lycaenidae Lythraceae->Nymphalidae Lythraceae->Pieridae Lythraceae->Melittidae Lythraceae->Crabronidae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae->Apidae Magnoliaceae->Megachilidae Magnoliaceae->Syrphidae Magnoliaceae->Calliphoridae Magnoliaceae->Lycaenidae Magnoliaceae->Nymphalidae Magnoliaceae->Vespidae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae->Formicidae Malvaceae->Andrenidae Malvaceae->Apidae Malvaceae->Halictidae Malvaceae->Megachilidae Malvaceae->Melyridae Malvaceae->Psychidae Malvaceae->Scarabaeidae Malvaceae->Syrphidae Malvaceae->Calliphoridae Malvaceae->Colletidae Malvaceae->Lycaenidae Malvaceae->Miridae Malvaceae->Nitidulidae Malvaceae->Noctuidae Malvaceae->Nymphalidae Malvaceae->Pieridae Malvaceae->Pompilidae Malvaceae->Vespidae Malvaceae->Melittidae Malvaceae->Crabronidae Malvaceae->Phalacridae Malvaceae->Paridae Malvaceae->Lacertidae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae->Apidae Myrtaceae->Halictidae Myrtaceae->Megachilidae Myrtaceae->Melyridae Myrtaceae->Calliphoridae Myrtaceae->Muscidae Myrtaceae->Nymphalidae Myrtaceae->Vespidae Myrtaceae->Erebidae Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae->Syrphidae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae->Andrenidae Oleaceae->Apidae Oleaceae->Halictidae Oleaceae->Syrphidae Oleaceae->Colletidae Oleaceae->Muscidae Oleaceae->Nymphalidae Oleaceae->Pieridae Oleaceae->Vespidae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae->Andrenidae Onagraceae->Apidae Onagraceae->Halictidae Onagraceae->Megachilidae Onagraceae->Pentatomidae Onagraceae->Syrphidae Onagraceae->Anthomyiidae Onagraceae->Bombyliidae Onagraceae->Calliphoridae Onagraceae->Conopidae Onagraceae->Muscidae Onagraceae->Nymphalidae Onagraceae->Pieridae Onagraceae->Sarcophagidae Onagraceae->Tachinidae Onagraceae->Vespidae Onagraceae->Zygaenidae Onagraceae->Hesperiidae Onagraceae->Melittidae Onagraceae->Crabronidae Onagraceae->Sciaridae Onagraceae->Sphecidae Onagraceae->Xylophagidae Onagraceae->Tortricidae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae->Formicidae Orobanchaceae->Andrenidae Orobanchaceae->Apidae Orobanchaceae->Halictidae Orobanchaceae->Megachilidae Orobanchaceae->Melyridae Orobanchaceae->Oedemeridae Orobanchaceae->Psychidae Orobanchaceae->Scarabaeidae Orobanchaceae->Syrphidae Orobanchaceae->Anthomyiidae Orobanchaceae->Bombyliidae Orobanchaceae->Calliphoridae Orobanchaceae->Colletidae Orobanchaceae->Empididae Orobanchaceae->Lycaenidae Orobanchaceae->Miridae Orobanchaceae->Muscidae Orobanchaceae->Noctuidae Orobanchaceae->Nymphalidae Orobanchaceae->Pieridae Orobanchaceae->Sarcophagidae Orobanchaceae->Tachinidae Orobanchaceae->Vespidae Orobanchaceae->Zygaenidae Orobanchaceae->Hesperiidae Orobanchaceae->Melittidae Orobanchaceae->Buprestidae Orobanchaceae->Dolichopodidae Orobanchaceae->Ichneumonidae Orobanchaceae->Polleniidae Orobanchaceae->Sciomyzidae Orobanchaceae->Sepsidae Orobanchaceae->Tenthredinidae Orobanchaceae->Thripidae Orobanchaceae->Leiodidae Orobanchaceae->Mellitidae Orobanchaceae->Eucnemidae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae->Andrenidae Oxalidaceae->Apidae Oxalidaceae->Halictidae Oxalidaceae->Megachilidae Oxalidaceae->Melyridae Oxalidaceae->Pentatomidae Oxalidaceae->Syrphidae Oxalidaceae->Colletidae Oxalidaceae->Conopidae Oxalidaceae->Nymphalidae Oxalidaceae->Pieridae Oxalidaceae->Hesperiidae Oxalidaceae->Pteromalidae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae->Formicidae Papaveraceae->Andrenidae Papaveraceae->Apidae Papaveraceae->Halictidae Papaveraceae->Megachilidae Papaveraceae->Oedemeridae Papaveraceae->Scarabaeidae Papaveraceae->Cerambycidae Papaveraceae->Syrphidae Papaveraceae->Anthomyiidae Papaveraceae->Bombyliidae Papaveraceae->Colletidae Papaveraceae->Muscidae Papaveraceae->Nitidulidae Papaveraceae->Pieridae Papaveraceae->Sphingidae Papaveraceae->Tenebrionidae Papaveraceae->Tenthredinidae Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae->Halictidae Phytolaccaceae->Syrphidae Phytolaccaceae->Colletidae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae->Apidae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae->Andrenidae Plantaginaceae->Apidae Plantaginaceae->Halictidae Plantaginaceae->Megachilidae Plantaginaceae->Melyridae Plantaginaceae->Psychidae Plantaginaceae->Pentatomidae Plantaginaceae->Syrphidae Plantaginaceae->Anthomyiidae Plantaginaceae->Bibionidae Plantaginaceae->Bombyliidae Plantaginaceae->Calliphoridae Plantaginaceae->Chrysomelidae Plantaginaceae->Colletidae Plantaginaceae->Curculionidae Plantaginaceae->Empididae Plantaginaceae->Lycaenidae Plantaginaceae->Miridae Plantaginaceae->Muscidae Plantaginaceae->Noctuidae Plantaginaceae->Nymphalidae Plantaginaceae->Pieridae Plantaginaceae->Sarcophagidae Plantaginaceae->Sphingidae Plantaginaceae->Tachinidae Plantaginaceae->Vespidae Plantaginaceae->Zygaenidae Plantaginaceae->Hesperiidae Plantaginaceae->Geometridae Plantaginaceae->Reduviidae Plantaginaceae->Scathophagidae Plantaginaceae->Stratiomyidae Plantaginaceae->Tenebrionidae Plantaginaceae->Cephidae Plantaginaceae->Erebidae Plantaginaceae->Adelidae Plantaginaceae->Eucnemidae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae->Formicidae Plumbaginaceae->Andrenidae Plumbaginaceae->Apidae Plumbaginaceae->Halictidae Plumbaginaceae->Megachilidae Plumbaginaceae->Mordellidae Plumbaginaceae->Scarabaeidae Plumbaginaceae->Syrphidae Plumbaginaceae->Bombyliidae Plumbaginaceae->Colletidae Plumbaginaceae->Empididae Plumbaginaceae->Keroplatidae Plumbaginaceae->Lycaenidae Plumbaginaceae->Miridae Plumbaginaceae->Muscidae Plumbaginaceae->Nymphalidae Plumbaginaceae->Sarcophagidae Plumbaginaceae->Sphingidae Plumbaginaceae->Vespidae Plumbaginaceae->Hesperiidae Plumbaginaceae->Melittidae Plumbaginaceae->Asilidae Plumbaginaceae->Buprestidae Plumbaginaceae->Chloropidae Plumbaginaceae->Crabronidae Plumbaginaceae->Cacatuidae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae->Apidae Poaceae->Scarabaeidae Poaceae->Syrphidae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae->Andrenidae Polemoniaceae->Apidae Polemoniaceae->Halictidae Polemoniaceae->Syrphidae Polemoniaceae->Braconidae Polemoniaceae->Crambidae Polemoniaceae->Muscidae Polemoniaceae->Nymphalidae Polemoniaceae->Pieridae Polemoniaceae->Coccinellidae Polemoniaceae->Phalacridae Polemoniaceae->Phoridae Polemoniaceae->Sciomyzidae Polemoniaceae->Sphecidae Polemoniaceae->Pyralidae Polycitoridae Polycitoridae Polycitoridae->Apidae Polycitoridae->Syrphidae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae->Andrenidae Polygalaceae->Apidae Polygalaceae->Halictidae Polygalaceae->Megachilidae Polygalaceae->Cerambycidae Polygalaceae->Syrphidae Polygalaceae->Empididae Polygalaceae->Lycaenidae Polygalaceae->Tachinidae Polygalaceae->Vespidae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae->Formicidae Polygonaceae->Andrenidae Polygonaceae->Apidae Polygonaceae->Halictidae Polygonaceae->Megachilidae Polygonaceae->Pentatomidae Polygonaceae->Syrphidae Polygonaceae->Calliphoridae Polygonaceae->Cantharidae Polygonaceae->Chrysomelidae Polygonaceae->Colletidae Polygonaceae->Empididae Polygonaceae->Muscidae Polygonaceae->Nitidulidae Polygonaceae->Nymphalidae Polygonaceae->Pieridae Polygonaceae->Sarcophagidae Polygonaceae->Vespidae Polygonaceae->Pteromalidae Polygonaceae->Brentidae Hemerobiidae Hemerobiidae Polygonaceae->Hemerobiidae Pomatiidae Pomatiidae Pomatiidae->Apidae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae->Halictidae Portulacaceae->Syrphidae Primobucconidae Primobucconidae Primobucconidae->Apidae Primobucconidae->Halictidae Primobucconidae->Syrphidae Primobucconidae->Colletidae Primobucconidae->Nymphalidae Primulaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae->Andrenidae Primulaceae->Apidae Primulaceae->Halictidae Primulaceae->Megachilidae Primulaceae->Melyridae Primulaceae->Oedemeridae Primulaceae->Scarabaeidae Primulaceae->Syrphidae Primulaceae->Anthomyiidae Primulaceae->Bombyliidae Primulaceae->Calliphoridae Primulaceae->Cantharidae Primulaceae->Empididae Primulaceae->Muscidae Primulaceae->Nymphalidae Primulaceae->Pieridae Primulaceae->Sarcophagidae Primulaceae->Melittidae Primulaceae->Erebidae Riodinidae Riodinidae Primulaceae->Riodinidae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae->Formicidae Ranunculaceae->Andrenidae Ranunculaceae->Apidae Ranunculaceae->Halictidae Ranunculaceae->Megachilidae Ranunculaceae->Melyridae Ranunculaceae->Mordellidae Ranunculaceae->Oedemeridae Ranunculaceae->Psychidae Ranunculaceae->Scarabaeidae Ranunculaceae->Cerambycidae Ranunculaceae->Pentatomidae Ranunculaceae->Syrphidae Ranunculaceae->Agromyzidae Ranunculaceae->Anthomyiidae Ranunculaceae->Bibionidae Ranunculaceae->Braconidae Ranunculaceae->Calliphoridae Ranunculaceae->Cantharidae Ranunculaceae->Chrysomelidae Ranunculaceae->Colletidae Ranunculaceae->Conopidae Ranunculaceae->Crambidae Ranunculaceae->Curculionidae Ranunculaceae->Empididae Ranunculaceae->Lycaenidae Ranunculaceae->Miridae Ranunculaceae->Muscidae Ranunculaceae->Nitidulidae Ranunculaceae->Noctuidae Ranunculaceae->Nymphalidae Ranunculaceae->Pieridae Ranunculaceae->Sarcophagidae Ranunculaceae->Tachinidae Ranunculaceae->Vespidae Ranunculaceae->Hesperiidae Ranunculaceae->Argidae Ranunculaceae->Asilidae Ranunculaceae->Buprestidae Ranunculaceae->Chloropidae Ranunculaceae->Chrysididae Ranunculaceae->Cimbicidae Ranunculaceae->Cleridae Ranunculaceae->Coccinellidae Ranunculaceae->Crabronidae Ranunculaceae->Dolichopodidae Ranunculaceae->Fanniidae Ranunculaceae->Geometridae Ranunculaceae->Hybotidae Ranunculaceae->Ichneumonidae Ranunculaceae->Issidae Ranunculaceae->Opomyzidae Ranunculaceae->Phoridae Ranunculaceae->Polleniidae Ranunculaceae->Pteromalidae Ranunculaceae->Scathophagidae Ranunculaceae->Sciomyzidae Ranunculaceae->Sepsidae Ranunculaceae->Stratiomyidae Ranunculaceae->Tabanidae Ranunculaceae->Tenthredinidae Ranunculaceae->Tephritidae Ranunculaceae->Xylophagidae Ranunculaceae->Elateridae Ranunculaceae->Lonchaeidae Ranunculaceae->Bulimulidae Ranunculaceae->Cephidae Ranunculaceae->Glaphyridae Ranunculaceae->Megalodontesidae Ranunculaceae->Pyralidae Ranunculaceae->Rhinophoridae Ranunculaceae->Carabidae Ranunculaceae->Micropterigidae Ranunculaceae->Rhagionidae Ranunculaceae->Nemopteridae Acartophthalmidae Acartophthalmidae Ranunculaceae->Acartophthalmidae Anthicidae Anthicidae Ranunculaceae->Anthicidae Byturidae Byturidae Ranunculaceae->Byturidae Cosmopterigidae Cosmopterigidae Ranunculaceae->Cosmopterigidae Psyllidae Psyllidae Ranunculaceae->Psyllidae Resedaceae Resedaceae Resedaceae->Andrenidae Resedaceae->Apidae Resedaceae->Halictidae Resedaceae->Megachilidae Resedaceae->Melyridae Resedaceae->Scarabaeidae Resedaceae->Syrphidae Resedaceae->Colletidae Resedaceae->Scoliidae Resedaceae->Vespidae Resedaceae->Tenebrionidae Resedaceae->Erebidae Resedaceae->Stenocephalidae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae->Apidae Rhamnaceae->Halictidae Rhamnaceae->Syrphidae Rhamnaceae->Colletidae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae->Formicidae Rosaceae->Andrenidae Rosaceae->Apidae Rosaceae->Halictidae Rosaceae->Megachilidae Rosaceae->Melyridae Rosaceae->Mordellidae Rosaceae->Oedemeridae Rosaceae->Psychidae Rosaceae->Scarabaeidae Rosaceae->Cerambycidae Rosaceae->Pentatomidae Rosaceae->Syrphidae Rosaceae->Anthomyiidae Rosaceae->Bombyliidae Rosaceae->Braconidae Rosaceae->Calliphoridae Rosaceae->Cantharidae Rosaceae->Chrysomelidae Rosaceae->Colletidae Rosaceae->Conopidae Rosaceae->Crambidae Rosaceae->Curculionidae Rosaceae->Dermestidae Rosaceae->Empididae Rosaceae->Lycaenidae Rosaceae->Miridae Rosaceae->Muscidae Rosaceae->Nitidulidae Rosaceae->Noctuidae Rosaceae->Nymphalidae Rosaceae->Pieridae Rosaceae->Sarcophagidae Rosaceae->Scoliidae Rosaceae->Tachinidae Rosaceae->Vespidae Rosaceae->Zygaenidae Rosaceae->Aphididae Rosaceae->Hesperiidae Rosaceae->Melittidae Rosaceae->Argidae Rosaceae->Buprestidae Rosaceae->Chloropidae Rosaceae->Cleridae Rosaceae->Coccinellidae Rosaceae->Crabronidae Rosaceae->Dolichopodidae Rosaceae->Eurytomidae Rosaceae->Fanniidae Rosaceae->Hybotidae Rosaceae->Ichneumonidae Rosaceae->Polleniidae Rosaceae->Pseudocheiridae Rosaceae->Scathophagidae Rosaceae->Sciaridae Rosaceae->Sepsidae Rosaceae->Sphecidae Rosaceae->Tabanidae Rosaceae->Tenebrionidae Rosaceae->Ulidiidae Rosaceae->Limoniidae Rosaceae->Bulimulidae Rosaceae->Cephidae Rosaceae->Megalodontesidae Rosaceae->Micropterigidae Rosaceae->Forficulidae Rosaceae->Nemopteridae Fasciolariidae Fasciolariidae Rosaceae->Fasciolariidae Pipunculidae Pipunculidae Rosaceae->Pipunculidae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae Rosaceae->Tettigoniidae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae->Formicidae Rubiaceae->Andrenidae Rubiaceae->Apidae Rubiaceae->Halictidae Rubiaceae->Megachilidae Rubiaceae->Melyridae Rubiaceae->Mordellidae Rubiaceae->Oedemeridae Rubiaceae->Scarabaeidae Rubiaceae->Cerambycidae Rubiaceae->Pentatomidae Rubiaceae->Syrphidae Rubiaceae->Anthomyiidae Rubiaceae->Bombyliidae Rubiaceae->Braconidae Rubiaceae->Calliphoridae Rubiaceae->Cantharidae Rubiaceae->Chrysomelidae Rubiaceae->Colletidae Rubiaceae->Crambidae Rubiaceae->Curculionidae Rubiaceae->Empididae Rubiaceae->Keroplatidae Rubiaceae->Lycaenidae Rubiaceae->Miridae Rubiaceae->Muscidae Rubiaceae->Nitidulidae Rubiaceae->Noctuidae Rubiaceae->Nymphalidae Rubiaceae->Sarcophagidae Rubiaceae->Sphingidae Rubiaceae->Tachinidae Rubiaceae->Hesperiidae Rubiaceae->Asilidae Rubiaceae->Crabronidae Rubiaceae->Dolichopodidae Rubiaceae->Herpestidae Rubiaceae->Ichneumonidae Rubiaceae->Issidae Rubiaceae->Phoridae Rubiaceae->Polleniidae Rubiaceae->Scathophagidae Rubiaceae->Sciaridae Rubiaceae->Sepsidae Rubiaceae->Sphecidae Rubiaceae->Stratiomyidae Rubiaceae->Tenthredinidae Rubiaceae->Tipulidae Rubiaceae->Elateridae Rubiaceae->Cephidae Rubiaceae->Gelechiidae Rubiaceae->Membracidae Rubiaceae->Pyralidae Rubiaceae->Micropterigidae Rubiaceae->Stenocephalidae Chamaemyiidae Chamaemyiidae Rubiaceae->Chamaemyiidae Plutellidae Plutellidae Rubiaceae->Plutellidae Stenomicridae Stenomicridae Rubiaceae->Stenomicridae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae->Andrenidae Rutaceae->Apidae Rutaceae->Halictidae Rutaceae->Megachilidae Rutaceae->Melyridae Rutaceae->Mordellidae Rutaceae->Oedemeridae Rutaceae->Syrphidae Rutaceae->Bombyliidae Rutaceae->Braconidae Rutaceae->Colletidae Rutaceae->Tachinidae Rutaceae->Vespidae Rutaceae->Buprestidae Rutaceae->Cleridae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae->Formicidae Salicaceae->Andrenidae Salicaceae->Apidae Salicaceae->Halictidae Salicaceae->Scarabaeidae Salicaceae->Syrphidae Salicaceae->Anthomyiidae Salicaceae->Bibionidae Salicaceae->Calliphoridae Salicaceae->Cantharidae Salicaceae->Chrysomelidae Salicaceae->Colletidae Salicaceae->Conopidae Salicaceae->Empididae Salicaceae->Lycaenidae Salicaceae->Muscidae Salicaceae->Nitidulidae Salicaceae->Noctuidae Salicaceae->Pompilidae Salicaceae->Sarcophagidae Salicaceae->Tachinidae Salicaceae->Vespidae Salicaceae->Chloropidae Salicaceae->Crabronidae Salicaceae->Fanniidae Salicaceae->Ichneumonidae Salicaceae->Polleniidae Salicaceae->Scathophagidae Salicaceae->Sciaridae Salicaceae->Tabanidae Salicaceae->Tenthredinidae Salicaceae->Elateridae Salicaceae->Adelidae Salicaceae->Cichlidae Santalaceae Santalaceae Santalaceae->Apidae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae->Andrenidae Sapindaceae->Apidae Sapindaceae->Halictidae Sapindaceae->Colletidae Sapindaceae->Nymphalidae Sapindaceae->Vespidae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae->Andrenidae Saxifragaceae->Apidae Saxifragaceae->Halictidae Saxifragaceae->Megachilidae Saxifragaceae->Syrphidae Saxifragaceae->Anthomyiidae Saxifragaceae->Colletidae Saxifragaceae->Empididae Saxifragaceae->Muscidae Saxifragaceae->Nitidulidae Saxifragaceae->Crabronidae Saxifragaceae->Dolichopodidae Saxifragaceae->Ichneumonidae Saxifragaceae->Sciaridae Saxifragaceae->Sepsidae Saxifragaceae->Ulidiidae Saxifragaceae->Kateretidae Sciuridae Sciuridae Sciuridae->Apidae Sciuridae->Syrphidae Sciuridae->Calliphoridae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae->Andrenidae Scrophulariaceae->Apidae Scrophulariaceae->Halictidae Scrophulariaceae->Megachilidae Scrophulariaceae->Oedemeridae Scrophulariaceae->Psychidae Scrophulariaceae->Pentatomidae Scrophulariaceae->Syrphidae Scrophulariaceae->Calliphoridae Scrophulariaceae->Colletidae Scrophulariaceae->Muscidae Scrophulariaceae->Nymphalidae Scrophulariaceae->Pieridae Scrophulariaceae->Sarcophagidae Scrophulariaceae->Scoliidae Scrophulariaceae->Sphingidae Scrophulariaceae->Vespidae Scrophulariaceae->Hesperiidae Scrophulariaceae->Crabronidae Scrophulariaceae->Sphecidae Scrophulariaceae->Erebidae Scrophulariaceae->Papilionidae Coliidae Coliidae Scrophulariaceae->Coliidae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae->Andrenidae Solanaceae->Apidae Solanaceae->Megachilidae Solanaceae->Syrphidae Solanaceae->Lycaenidae Solanaceae->Vespidae Solanaceae->Fanniidae Solanaceae->Lacertidae Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae->Apidae Tamaricaceae->Halictidae Tamaricaceae->Scarabaeidae Tamaricaceae->Anaspidesidae Tamaricaceae->Calliphoridae Tamaricaceae->Curculionidae Tamaricaceae->Vespidae Theaceae Theaceae Theaceae->Apidae Theaceae->Scarabaeidae Theaceae->Pentatomidae Theaceae->Syrphidae Theaceae->Nymphalidae Theaceae->Vespidae Thesiaceae Thesiaceae Thesiaceae->Syrphidae Thymelaeaceae Thymelaeaceae Thymelaeaceae->Formicidae Thymelaeaceae->Andrenidae Thymelaeaceae->Apidae Thymelaeaceae->Halictidae Thymelaeaceae->Megachilidae Thymelaeaceae->Scarabaeidae Thymelaeaceae->Syrphidae Thymelaeaceae->Bibionidae Thymelaeaceae->Muscidae Thymelaeaceae->Nymphalidae Thymelaeaceae->Pieridae Thymelaeaceae->Sarcophagidae Thymelaeaceae->Scoliidae Thymelaeaceae->Tachinidae Thymelaeaceae->Vespidae Thymelaeaceae->Chrysididae Thymelaeaceae->Staphylinidae Thymelaeaceae->Thripidae Thymelaeaceae->Milichiidae Tofieldiaceae Tofieldiaceae Tofieldiaceae->Apidae Tofieldiaceae->Syrphidae Tofieldiaceae->Muscidae Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolaceae->Apidae Urticaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae->Apidae Urticaceae->Syrphidae Urticaceae->Vespidae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae->Andrenidae Verbenaceae->Apidae Verbenaceae->Halictidae Verbenaceae->Megachilidae Verbenaceae->Syrphidae Verbenaceae->Pieridae Verbenaceae->Tachinidae Verbenaceae->Crabronidae Verbenaceae->Scatopsidae Verbenaceae->Anthocoridae Verbenaceae->Coliidae Viburnaceae Viburnaceae Viburnaceae->Andrenidae Viburnaceae->Apidae Viburnaceae->Halictidae Viburnaceae->Scarabaeidae Viburnaceae->Syrphidae Viburnaceae->Calliphoridae Viburnaceae->Muscidae Viburnaceae->Vespidae Violaceae Violaceae Violaceae->Andrenidae Violaceae->Apidae Violaceae->Halictidae Violaceae->Syrphidae Violaceae->Anthomyiidae Violaceae->Calliphoridae Violaceae->Empididae Violaceae->Lycaenidae Violaceae->Muscidae Violaceae->Nymphalidae Violaceae->Sarcophagidae Violaceae->Polleniidae Violaceae->Sciaridae Vitaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae->Apidae Vitaceae->Halictidae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae->Agromyzidae Zygophyllaceae->Bombyliidae

You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv.gz. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv.gz

Geospatial Distribution

If geospatial information was extracted from the dataset under review, the map below will show their distribution. These maps were generated using MapServer (McKenna et al. 2025) tools configured via map configuration indexed-interactions.map :

MAP
  SIZE 1600 800
  EXTENT -180 -90 180 90
  PROJECTION
    "init=epsg:4326"
  END
  LAYER # MODIS WMS map from NASA
    NAME         "modis_nasa"
    TYPE         RASTER
    OFFSITE      0 0 0
    STATUS       ON
    CONNECTIONTYPE WMS
    CONNECTION "https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov/wms/epsg4326/best/wms.cgi?"

    METADATA
      "wms_srs" "EPSG:4326"
      "wms_name" "OSM_Land_Water_Map"
      "wms_server_version" "1.1.1"
      "wms_format" "image/jpeg"
    END
    CLASS
      STYLE
        COLOR        232 232 232
        OUTLINECOLOR 32 32 32
      END
    END
  END 
  LAYER
    NAME "indexed-interactions"
    TYPE POLYGON
    STATUS ON
    CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
    CONNECTION "indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg"
    DATA "indexed-interactions-h3"
    CLASS
      STYLE
        COLORRANGE 253.0 231.0 37.0 32.0 164.0 134.0
        DATARANGE 1.0791812460476249 5.59277835487391
        RANGEITEM "log_number_of_records"
        OUTLINECOLOR 0 0 0
      END
    END
  END
END
Hexagonal grid cells indicate that interactions claims are available for selected geospatial area: light yellow means relatively fewer claims, dark green relatively more claims.

Associated data can be found in the geopackage files at indexed-interactions.gpkg for point data and indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg for data clustered in geospatial h3 hexagonals.

Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email.

Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website.

Taxonomic Alignment

As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col, ncbi, discoverlife, gbif, itis, wfo, mdd, pbdb, worms, and wikidata). These alignments can help review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource.

Sample of Name Alignments
providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName
Abelia chinensis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abelia chinensis
Abia fasciata HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abia fasciata
Abia nitens HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abia nitens
Abia sericea SYNONYM_OF col Abia nitens
Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row.
resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count
col NA 47
col family 111
col genus 446
col order 11
col species 3572
col subfamily 11
col subgenus 24
col suborder 4
col subspecies 172
col subtribe 1
col superfamily 1
col tribe 20
col variety 6
discoverlife NA 3481
discoverlife species 727
gbif NA 25
gbif family 113
gbif genus 461
gbif order 11
gbif species 3596
gbif subspecies 191
gbif variety 10
itis NA 1829
itis family 103
itis genus 348
itis order 11
itis species 1892
itis subfamily 5
itis suborder 6
itis subspecies 10
itis superfamily 1
itis superorder 1
itis variety 6
mdd NA 4208
ncbi NA 598
ncbi cohort 1
ncbi family 106
ncbi genus 420
ncbi order 11
ncbi section 1
ncbi species 3050
ncbi subfamily 8
ncbi subgenus 19
ncbi suborder 5
ncbi subspecies 5
ncbi superfamily 1
ncbi varietas 1
pbdb NA 3845
pbdb family 109
pbdb genus 200
pbdb infraclass 1
pbdb infraorder 1
pbdb order 12
pbdb species 26
pbdb subfamily 7
pbdb suborder 7
pbdb superfamily 1
pbdb unranked clade 1
wfo NA 2664
wfo family 1
wfo genus 147
wfo species 1390
wfo subspecies 52
wfo variety 2
wikidata NA 122
wikidata WD:Q164280 7
wikidata WD:Q2136103 1
wikidata WD:Q3238261 47
wikidata WD:Q34740 375
wikidata WD:Q35409 109
wikidata WD:Q36602 10
wikidata WD:Q5867959 7
wikidata WD:Q7432 3530
worms NA 3486
worms family 83
worms genus 185
worms order 10
worms species 436
worms suborder 5
worms subspecies 12
Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type “NONE” means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. “SAME_AS” indicates either a “HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME” or “SYNONYM_OF” name relationship type. We recognize that “SYNONYM_OF” encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies (ICZN 1999) (e.g., junior synonym, senior synonyms).
resolvedCatalogName relationName count
col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 4127
col SYNONYM_OF 1536
col NONE 47
discoverlife NONE 3483
discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 697
discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 183
discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 47
gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 4835
gbif SYNONYM_OF 1793
gbif NONE 25
itis NONE 1829
itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2306
itis SYNONYM_OF 163
mdd NONE 4211
ncbi SAME_AS 3566
ncbi NONE 598
ncbi SYNONYM_OF 92
pbdb NONE 3846
pbdb HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 372
pbdb SYNONYM_OF 9
wfo SYNONYM_OF 318
wfo NONE 2664
wfo HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 1548
wfo HAS_UNCHECKED_NAME 273
wikidata HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 4072
wikidata NONE 122
wikidata SYNONYM_OF 17
worms NONE 3486
worms HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 850
worms SYNONYM_OF 144
List of Available Name Alignment Reports
catalog name alignment results
col associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
ncbi associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
discoverlife associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
gbif associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
itis associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
wfo associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
mdd associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
pbdb associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
worms associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
wikidata associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)

Additional Reviews

Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below.

First few lines in the review notes.
reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment
2026-06-12T16:54:31Z note source taxon name missing
2026-06-12T16:54:31Z note source taxon name missing
2026-06-12T16:54:31Z note source taxon name missing
2026-06-12T16:54:31Z note source taxon name missing

In addition, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below.

Most frequently occurring review notes, if any.
reviewComment count
found malformed doi [NA] 412951
found malformed doi [Unpublished] 28058
found malformed doi [https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08902; https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3712] 14526
found malformed doi [https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07259; 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103551] 5511

For additional information on review notes, please have a look at the first 500 Review Notes in html format or the download full gzipped csv or tsv archives.

GloBI Review Badge

As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review.

review review 💬 💬

Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data.

GloBI Index Badge

If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products.

Picture of a GloBI Index Badge

If you’d like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit GloBI’s dataset index 5 for badge examples.

Discussion

This review and archive provides a means of creating citable versions of datasets that change frequently. This may be useful for dataset managers, including natural history collection data managers, as a backup archive of a shared Darwin Core archive. It also serves as a means of creating a trackable citation for the dataset in an automated way, while also including some information about the contents of the dataset.

This review aims to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid in understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, it is important to note that this review does not assess the quality of the dataset. Instead, it serves as an indication of the open-ness6 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The current Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and a more quantitative approach can be implemented with specified measurement units.

This report also showcases the reuse of machine-actionable (meta)data, something highly recommended by the FAIR Data Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016). Making (meta)data machine-actionable enables more precise procesing by computers, enabling even naive review bots like Nomer and Elton to interpret the data effectively. This capability is crucial for not just automating the generation of reports, but also for facilitating seamless data exchanges, promoting interoperability.

Acknowledgements

We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities. Also, thanks to https://github.com/zygoballus for helping improve the layout of the review tables.

Author contributions

Nomer was responsible for name alignments. Elton carried out dataset extraction, and generated the review notes. Preston tracked, versioned, and packaged, the dataset under review.

Appendix A. Review Files

The following files are produced in this review:

filename description
biblio.bib list of bibliographic reference of this review
check-dataset.sh data review workflow/process as expressed in a bash script
data.zip a versioned archive of the data under review
HEAD the digital signature of the data under review
index.docx review in MS Word format
index.html review in HTML format
index.md review in Pandoc markdown format
index.pdf review in PDF format
indexed-citations.csv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped comma-separated values file format
indexed-citations.html.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interactions claims in gzipped html file format
indexed-citations.tsv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-interactions-col-family-col-family.svg network diagram showing the taxon family to taxon family interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024)
indexed-interactions-col-kingdom-col-kingdom.svg network diagram showing the taxon kingdom to taxon kingom interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024)
indexed-interactions.csv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-interactions.html.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped html format
indexed-interactions.tsv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-interactions.parquet species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format
indexed-interactions.png species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review plotted on a map
indexed-interactions.map mapserver configuration to plot species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review on a map
indexed-interactions.gpkg species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in GeoPackage format
indexed-interactions.fgb species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in FlatGeoBuf format
indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg geospatially clustered h3 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in GeoPackage format
indexed-interactions-sample.csv list of species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-interactions-sample.html first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in html format
indexed-interactions-sample.tsv first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
indexed-names.csv.gz taxonomic names indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped html format
indexed-names.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-col.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-col.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-col.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-col.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-sample.csv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in comma-separated values format
indexed-names-sample.html first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in html format
indexed-names-sample.tsv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
interaction.svg diagram summarizing the data model used to index species interaction claims
nanopub-sample.trig first 500 species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014)
nanopub.trig.gz species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014)
process.svg diagram summarizing the data review processing workflow
prov.nq origin of the dataset under review as expressed in rdf/nquads
review.csv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
review.html.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped html format
review.tsv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
review-sample.csv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in comma-separated values format
review-sample.html first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in html format
review-sample.tsv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
review.svg a review badge generated as part of the dataset review process
zenodo.json metadata of this review expressed in Zenodo record metadata

References

Elliott, Michael, Jorrit Poelen, Icaro Alzuru, Emilio Berti, and partha04patel. 2025. “Bio-Guoda/Preston: 0.10.5.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662206.
ICZN. 1999. “International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.” The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/.
Kuhn, Tobias, and Michel Dumontier. 2014. “Trusty URIs: Verifiable, Immutable, and Permanent Digital Artifacts for Linked Data.” In The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges, edited by Valentina Presutti, Claudia d’Amato, Fabien Gandon, Mathieu d’Aquin, Steffen Staab, and Anna Tordai, 395–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Kuhn, Tobias, Jorrit Poelen, and Katrin Leinweber. 2025. “Globalbioticinteractions/Elton: 0.15.1.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14927734.
McKenna, Jeff, Steve Lime, Thomas Bonfort, Jérome Boué, Howard Butler, Seth Girvin, Tom Kralidis, et al. 2025. “MapServer.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17807263.
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Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. “Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets.” Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.
Poelen, Jorrit, Katja Seltmann, and Daniel Mietchen. 2024. “Globalbioticinteractions/Globinizer: 0.4.0.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10647565.
Salim, José Augusto, and Jorrit Poelen. 2025. “Globalbioticinteractions/Nomer: 0.5.15.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14893840.
Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. “WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8176978.
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.