Versioned Archive and Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found within globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc hash://md5/7be7890269dde0f224905d071e7cea2b

by Nomer, Elton and Preston, three naive review bots

[email protected]

https://globalbioticinteractions.org/contribute

2026-07-07

Abstract

Life on Earth is sustained by complex interactions between organisms and their environment. These biotic interactions can be captured in datasets and published digitally. We present a review and archiving process for such an openly accessible digital interactions dataset of known origin and discuss its outcome. The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc, has fingerprint hash://md5/7be7890269dde0f224905d071e7cea2b, is 86.3MiB in size and contains 120,436 interactions with 2 unique types of associations (e.g., interactsWith) between 5,395 primary taxa (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,237 associated taxa (e.g., Salix). This report includes detailed summaries of interaction data, a taxonomic review from multiple catalogs, and an archived version of the dataset from which the reviews are derived.

Introduction

Data Review and Archive

Data review and archiving can be a time-consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate both activities. It automates the archiving of datasets, including Darwin Core archives, and is a citable backup of a version of the dataset. Additionally, an automatic review of species interaction claims made in the dataset is generated and registered with Global Biotic Interactions (J. H. Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014).

This review includes summary statistics about, and observations about, the dataset under review :

University of Kansas Natural History Museum - Snow Entomological Museum Collection https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/8ed2dc7380db2dbd918bbedce4119848464d80f0.zip 2026-07-04T01:24:19.577Z hash://md5/7be7890269dde0f224905d071e7cea2b

Methods

The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston (Elliott et al. 2025), Elton (Kuhn, Poelen, and Leinweber 2025), Nomer (Salim and Poelen 2025), globinizer (J. Poelen, Seltmann, and Mietchen 2024) combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head.

Tools used in this review process
tool name version
preston 0.11.1
elton 0.16.11
nomer 0.6.5
globinizer 0.4.0
mlr 6.0.0
jq 1.6
yq 4.25.3
pandoc 3.1.6.1
duckdb 1.3.1
mapserver 7.6.4

The review process can be described in the form of the script below 1.

# get versioned copy of the dataset (size approx. 86.3MiB) under review 
elton pull globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc

# generate review notes
elton review globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc \
 > review.tsv

# export indexed interaction records
elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc \
 > interactions.tsv

# export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer 
elton names globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc \
 | nomer append col \
 > name-alignment.tsv

or visually, in a process diagram.

review origin dataset origin elton Elton (a naive review bot) elton->origin pull (1) interactions indexed interactions elton->interactions generates (2) alignment name alignments nomer Nomer (a naive review bot) nomer->interactions extract names (3) nomer->alignment generates (5) catalog name catalog nomer->catalog uses (4)

You can find a copy of the full review script at check-data.sh. See also GitHub and Codeberg.

Results

In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 2. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided.

Files

An extensive list of files produced as part of the review process can be found in Appendix A. Review Files.

Archived Dataset

Note that data.zip file in this archive contains the complete, unmodified archived dataset under review.

Biotic Interactions

model primaryTaxon Primary Taxon associatedTaxon Associated Taxon primaryOrganism Primary Organism primaryOrganism->primaryTaxon classifiedAs associatedOrganism Associated Organism primaryOrganism->associatedOrganism interactsWith associatedOrganism->associatedTaxon classifiedAs

In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type.

The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc, has fingerprint hash://md5/7be7890269dde0f224905d071e7cea2b, is 86.3MiB in size and contains 120,436 interactions with 2 unique types of associations (e.g., interactsWith) between 5,395 primary taxa (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,237 associated taxa (e.g., Salix).

An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found in gzipped csv, tsv, geopackage and parquet archives. To facilitate discovery, a preview of claims available in the gzipped html page at indexed-interactions.html.gz are shown below.

The exhaustive list was used to create the following data summaries below.

Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation
Anthophora (Heliophila) phenax interactsWith Lycium berlandieri 1721fbd3-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Megachile (Xanthosarus) mucida interactsWith Tephrosia virginiana 172203a5-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Andrena (Larandrena) miserabilis interactsWith Prunus 172204ef-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Protandrena (Pterosarus) albitarsus innuptus interactsWith Gaillardia 17220e48-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent)
interactionTypeName count
interactsWith 120391
adjacentTo 45
Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName count
Eucerini 3877
Colletes 1871
Perdita 1569
Bombus 1483
Ceratina 1373
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) 1148
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) tristis 1143
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis 1068
Ashmeadiella 956
Nomada 869
Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus 858
Andrena (Andrena) 817
Augochlorella persimilis 777
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis 769
Augochlora 743
Osmia 656
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis 653
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) coreopsis 652
Megachile 634
Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
targetTaxonName count
Salix 3389
Cucurbita foetidissima 2747
Helianthus annuus 2338
Helianthus petiolaris 2268
Gaillardia 2027
Larrea tridentata 1715
Prosopis 1415
Sphaeralcea 1375
Opuntia 1364
Helianthus 1283
Eucalyptus 1117
Phacelia 1104
Melilotus officinalis 1062
Heterotheca subaxillaris 1025
Melilotus alba 962
Cleome serrulata 938
Aster 896
Cassia 841
Vaccinium 841
Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita foetidissima 2598
Bombus interactsWith Vaccinium 689
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis interactsWith Salix 653
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis interactsWith Salix 619
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita 554
Abroteles beaumonti interactsWith Nasutitermes peruanus 533
Perdita (Perdita) sexmaculata interactsWith Quincula lobata 446
Perdita (Pygoperdita) nevadensis nevadensis interactsWith Holodiscus discolor 393
Perdita (Cockerellia) albipennis albipennis interactsWith Helianthus petiolaris 388
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita digitata 367
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis interactsWith Helianthus annuus 352
Augochlorella persimilis interactsWith Aster 335
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata flavens interactsWith Cleome serrulata 332
Euryglossina (Euryglossina) fuscescens interactsWith Eucalyptus tereticornis 309
Perdita (Perdita) gerhardi dallasiana interactsWith Monarda citriodora 305
Chelonus interactsWith Cassia 301
Perdita (Cockerellia) coreopsidis obscurior interactsWith Gaillardia 290
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata zebrata interactsWith Cleome serrulata 287
Perdita (Perdita) wilmattae miricornis interactsWith Stanleya pinnata 267

Interaction Networks

The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. It is important to note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically using the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data.

interactions Animalia Animalia Animalia->Animalia Chromista Chromista Animalia->Chromista Fungi Fungi Animalia->Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia->Plantae Protozoa Protozoa Animalia->Protozoa Chromista->Plantae Fungi->Plantae Plantae->Animalia Plantae->Plantae
interactions Acrididae Acrididae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acrididae->Asteraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Acrididae->Brassicaceae Poaceae Poaceae Acrididae->Poaceae Psammonobiotidae Psammonobiotidae Acrididae->Psammonobiotidae Asteraceae->Asteraceae Asteraceae->Brassicaceae Balaenopteridae Balaenopteridae Asteraceae->Balaenopteridae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Asteraceae->Boraginaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae->Fabaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Asteraceae->Hydrophyllaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae->Malvaceae Namaceae Namaceae Asteraceae->Namaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Asteraceae->Onagraceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae->Polygonaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Asteraceae->Salicaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae->Solanaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae->Acanthaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Asteraceae->Primulaceae Aderidae Aderidae Cornaceae Cornaceae Aderidae->Cornaceae Ampulicidae Ampulicidae Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Ampulicidae->Ulmaceae Anamorphidae Anamorphidae Fagaceae Fagaceae Anamorphidae->Fagaceae Andrenidae Andrenidae Andrenidae->Asteraceae Andrenidae->Brassicaceae Andrenidae->Psammonobiotidae Accipitridae Accipitridae Andrenidae->Accipitridae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Andrenidae->Amaranthaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Andrenidae->Anacardiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Andrenidae->Apiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Andrenidae->Apocynaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Andrenidae->Asparagaceae Bacillariaceae Bacillariaceae Andrenidae->Bacillariaceae Andrenidae->Balaenopteridae Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Boraginaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Andrenidae->Cactaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Andrenidae->Campanulaceae Carabidae Carabidae Andrenidae->Carabidae Cassidae Cassidae Andrenidae->Cassidae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Andrenidae->Cerambycidae Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Andrenidae->Cleomaceae Colletidae Colletidae Andrenidae->Colletidae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Andrenidae->Convolvulaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Andrenidae->Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Fabaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Andrenidae->Geraniaceae Haematococcaceae Haematococcaceae Andrenidae->Haematococcaceae Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae Andrenidae->Heliotropiaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Andrenidae->Hydrangeaceae Hydroleaceae Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydrophyllaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Andrenidae->Lamiaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Andrenidae->Liliaceae Limnanthaceae Limnanthaceae Andrenidae->Limnanthaceae Loasaceae Loasaceae Andrenidae->Loasaceae Andrenidae->Malvaceae Menyanthaceae Menyanthaceae Andrenidae->Menyanthaceae Andrenidae->Namaceae Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Andrenidae->Orchidaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Andrenidae->Orobanchaceae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Andrenidae->Papaveraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Andrenidae->Passifloraceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Andrenidae->Plantaginaceae Polycitoridae Polycitoridae Andrenidae->Polycitoridae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygonaceae Pontederiaceae Pontederiaceae Andrenidae->Pontederiaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Andrenidae->Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Andrenidae->Rhamnaceae Rhopalonematidae Rhopalonematidae Andrenidae->Rhopalonematidae Rosaceae Rosaceae Andrenidae->Rosaceae Andrenidae->Salicaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Andrenidae->Sapindaceae Andrenidae->Solanaceae Sphingidae Sphingidae Andrenidae->Sphingidae Talpidae Talpidae Andrenidae->Talpidae Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae Andrenidae->Tamaricaceae Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae Andrenidae->Thelypteridaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Andrenidae->Verbenaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Andrenidae->Zygophyllaceae Carabidae->Asteraceae Carabidae->Poaceae Carabidae->Cornaceae Carabidae->Ulmaceae Carabidae->Asparagaceae Carabidae->Colletidae Carabidae->Fabaceae Carabidae->Polycitoridae Carabidae->Salicaceae Carabidae->Solanaceae Xylariaceae Xylariaceae Carabidae->Xylariaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Carabidae->Pinaceae Cerambycidae->Asteraceae Cerambycidae->Cornaceae Cerambycidae->Amaranthaceae Cerambycidae->Apiaceae Cerambycidae->Apocynaceae Cerambycidae->Euphorbiaceae Cerambycidae->Fabaceae Cerambycidae->Hydrangeaceae Cerambycidae->Lamiaceae Cerambycidae->Onagraceae Cerambycidae->Plantaginaceae Cerambycidae->Polycitoridae Cerambycidae->Polygonaceae Cerambycidae->Rhamnaceae Cerambycidae->Rosaceae Cerambycidae->Solanaceae Cerambycidae->Zygophyllaceae Moraceae Moraceae Cerambycidae->Moraceae Cerambycidae->Xylariaceae Cerambycidae->Acanthaceae Aphididae Aphididae Cerambycidae->Aphididae Clethraceae Clethraceae Cerambycidae->Clethraceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Cerambycidae->Oleaceae Cerambycidae->Pinaceae Nymphalidae Nymphalidae Cerambycidae->Nymphalidae Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Cerambycidae->Pittosporaceae Colletidae->Asteraceae Colletidae->Brassicaceae Colletidae->Cornaceae Colletidae->Fagaceae Colletidae->Accipitridae Colletidae->Amaranthaceae Colletidae->Anacardiaceae Colletidae->Apiaceae Colletidae->Apocynaceae Colletidae->Asparagaceae Colletidae->Balaenopteridae Colletidae->Boraginaceae Colletidae->Cactaceae Colletidae->Campanulaceae Colletidae->Carabidae Colletidae->Cassidae Colletidae->Cleomaceae Colletidae->Colletidae Colletidae->Convolvulaceae Colletidae->Ericaceae Colletidae->Euphorbiaceae Colletidae->Fabaceae Colletidae->Geraniaceae Colletidae->Haematococcaceae Colletidae->Heliotropiaceae Colletidae->Hydrophyllaceae Colletidae->Lamiaceae Colletidae->Loasaceae Colletidae->Malvaceae Colletidae->Namaceae Colletidae->Onagraceae Colletidae->Orchidaceae Colletidae->Orobanchaceae Colletidae->Papaveraceae Colletidae->Passifloraceae Colletidae->Plantaginaceae Colletidae->Polycitoridae Colletidae->Polygalaceae Colletidae->Polygonaceae Colletidae->Rhamnaceae Colletidae->Rosaceae Colletidae->Salicaceae Colletidae->Sapindaceae Colletidae->Solanaceae Colletidae->Sphingidae Colletidae->Talpidae Colletidae->Tamaricaceae Colletidae->Verbenaceae Colletidae->Zygophyllaceae Colletidae->Aphididae Burseraceae Burseraceae Colletidae->Burseraceae Capparaceae Capparaceae Colletidae->Capparaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Colletidae->Caryophyllaceae Colletidae->Clethraceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Colletidae->Combretaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Colletidae->Crassulaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Colletidae->Cucurbitaceae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Colletidae->Grossulariaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Colletidae->Iridaceae Lythraceae Lythraceae Colletidae->Lythraceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Colletidae->Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Colletidae->Oxalidaceae Parkinsoniidae Parkinsoniidae Colletidae->Parkinsoniidae Piperaceae Piperaceae Colletidae->Piperaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Colletidae->Rubiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Colletidae->Rutaceae Acidopsidae Acidopsidae Colletidae->Acidopsidae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Colletidae->Aquifoliaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Colletidae->Araliaceae Araucariaceae Araucariaceae Colletidae->Araucariaceae Fouquieriaceae Fouquieriaceae Colletidae->Fouquieriaceae Francoaceae Francoaceae Colletidae->Francoaceae Gleicheniaceae Gleicheniaceae Colletidae->Gleicheniaceae Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae Colletidae->Goodeniaceae Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Colletidae->Juglandaceae Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossaceae Colletidae->Ophioglossaceae Pleurogenidae Pleurogenidae Colletidae->Pleurogenidae Primobucconidae Primobucconidae Colletidae->Primobucconidae Receptaculitaceae Receptaculitaceae Colletidae->Receptaculitaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Colletidae->Sapotaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Colletidae->Saxifragaceae Orchidaceae->Asteraceae Orchidaceae->Boraginaceae Orchidaceae->Fabaceae Orchidaceae->Lamiaceae Orchidaceae->Malvaceae Orchidaceae->Nyctaginaceae Orchidaceae->Rosaceae Sphingidae->Lamiaceae Anobiidae Anobiidae Anobiidae->Fagaceae Anobiidae->Cactaceae Celastraceae Celastraceae Anobiidae->Celastraceae Anthicidae Anthicidae Anthicidae->Asteraceae Anthicidae->Poaceae Anthicidae->Asparagaceae Anthicidae->Bignoniaceae Anthicidae->Convolvulaceae Anthicidae->Fabaceae Anthicidae->Haematococcaceae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae->Asteraceae Anthocoridae->Cornaceae Anthocoridae->Ulmaceae Anthocoridae->Anacardiaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnaceae Anthocoridae->Elaeagnaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Anthocoridae->Magnoliaceae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae->Asteraceae Anthribidae Anthribidae Anthribidae->Asteraceae Anthribidae->Moraceae Anthribidae->Xylariaceae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae->Magnoliaceae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae->Asteraceae Apidae Apidae Apidae->Asteraceae Apidae->Brassicaceae Apidae->Poaceae Apidae->Fagaceae Apidae->Accipitridae Apidae->Amaranthaceae Apidae->Anacardiaceae Apidae->Apiaceae Apidae->Apocynaceae Apidae->Asparagaceae Apidae->Bignoniaceae Apidae->Boraginaceae Apidae->Cactaceae Apidae->Campanulaceae Apidae->Carabidae Apidae->Cassidae Apidae->Cerambycidae Apidae->Cleomaceae Apidae->Colletidae Apidae->Convolvulaceae Apidae->Ericaceae Apidae->Euphorbiaceae Apidae->Fabaceae Apidae->Geraniaceae Apidae->Haematococcaceae Apidae->Heliotropiaceae Apidae->Hydrophyllaceae Apidae->Lamiaceae Apidae->Liliaceae Apidae->Limnanthaceae Apidae->Loasaceae Apidae->Malvaceae Apidae->Menyanthaceae Apidae->Namaceae Apidae->Nyctaginaceae Apidae->Onagraceae Apidae->Orchidaceae Apidae->Orobanchaceae Apidae->Papaveraceae Apidae->Passifloraceae Apidae->Plantaginaceae Apidae->Polycitoridae Apidae->Polygalaceae Apidae->Polygonaceae Apidae->Pontederiaceae Apidae->Ranunculaceae Apidae->Rhamnaceae Apidae->Rhopalonematidae Apidae->Rosaceae Apidae->Salicaceae Apidae->Sapindaceae Apidae->Solanaceae Apidae->Sphingidae Apidae->Talpidae Apidae->Tamaricaceae Apidae->Verbenaceae Apidae->Zygophyllaceae Apidae->Elaeagnaceae Apidae->Apidae Apidae->Acanthaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Apidae->Amaryllidaceae Apidae->Aphididae Araceae Araceae Apidae->Araceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Apidae->Arecaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Apidae->Asphodelaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Apidae->Berberidaceae Bixaceae Bixaceae Apidae->Bixaceae Bougainvilliidae Bougainvilliidae Apidae->Bougainvilliidae Apidae->Burseraceae Calceolariaceae Calceolariaceae Apidae->Calceolariaceae Apidae->Capparaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Apidae->Caprifoliaceae Carinariidae Carinariidae Apidae->Carinariidae Apidae->Caryophyllaceae Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Apidae->Casuarinaceae Cellariidae Cellariidae Apidae->Cellariidae Cistaceae Cistaceae Apidae->Cistaceae Apidae->Clethraceae Apidae->Combretaceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Apidae->Commelinaceae Cordiaceae Cordiaceae Apidae->Cordiaceae Costaceae Costaceae Apidae->Costaceae Apidae->Crassulaceae Apidae->Cucurbitaceae Cyrillaceae Cyrillaceae Apidae->Cyrillaceae Diphyidae Diphyidae Apidae->Diphyidae Emballonuridae Emballonuridae Apidae->Emballonuridae Fasciolariidae Fasciolariidae Apidae->Fasciolariidae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Apidae->Gentianaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Apidae->Gesneriaceae Glandulinidae Glandulinidae Apidae->Glandulinidae Apidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae Halictidae Apidae->Halictidae Helicidae Helicidae Apidae->Helicidae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Apidae->Hypericaceae Apidae->Iridaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Apidae->Juncaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Apidae->Lauraceae Lepidotrichidae Lepidotrichidae Apidae->Lepidotrichidae Linaceae Linaceae Apidae->Linaceae Linyphiidae Linyphiidae Apidae->Linyphiidae Lotidae Lotidae Apidae->Lotidae Apidae->Lythraceae Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae Apidae->Malpighiaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Apidae->Marantaceae Martyniaceae Martyniaceae Apidae->Martyniaceae Megachilidae Megachilidae Apidae->Megachilidae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Apidae->Melastomataceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Apidae->Meliaceae Milioliporidae Milioliporidae Apidae->Milioliporidae Muntingiaceae Muntingiaceae Apidae->Muntingiaceae Musaceae Musaceae Apidae->Musaceae Apidae->Myrtaceae Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae Apidae->Nartheciaceae Nelumbonaceae Nelumbonaceae Apidae->Nelumbonaceae Apidae->Oleaceae Apidae->Oxalidaceae Apidae->Parkinsoniidae Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae Apidae->Pedaliaceae Pennospiriferinidae Pennospiriferinidae Apidae->Pennospiriferinidae Peraceae Peraceae Apidae->Peraceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Apidae->Phyllanthaceae Apidae->Piperaceae Apidae->Primulaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Apidae->Proteaceae Resedaceae Resedaceae Apidae->Resedaceae Apidae->Rubiaceae Apidae->Rutaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Apidae->Scrophulariaceae Tipulidae Tipulidae Apidae->Tipulidae Tithoniidae Tithoniidae Apidae->Tithoniidae Tortricidae Tortricidae Apidae->Tortricidae Turbinidae Turbinidae Apidae->Turbinidae Vitaceae Vitaceae Apidae->Vitaceae Halictidae->Asteraceae Halictidae->Brassicaceae Halictidae->Poaceae Halictidae->Psammonobiotidae Halictidae->Fagaceae Halictidae->Accipitridae Halictidae->Amaranthaceae Halictidae->Anacardiaceae Halictidae->Apiaceae Halictidae->Apocynaceae Halictidae->Asparagaceae Halictidae->Balaenopteridae Halictidae->Bignoniaceae Halictidae->Boraginaceae Halictidae->Cactaceae Halictidae->Campanulaceae Halictidae->Cassidae Halictidae->Cerambycidae Halictidae->Cleomaceae Halictidae->Colletidae Halictidae->Convolvulaceae Halictidae->Euphorbiaceae Halictidae->Fabaceae Halictidae->Geraniaceae Halictidae->Haematococcaceae Halictidae->Heliotropiaceae Halictidae->Hydrangeaceae Halictidae->Hydrophyllaceae Halictidae->Lamiaceae Halictidae->Limnanthaceae Halictidae->Loasaceae Halictidae->Malvaceae Halictidae->Namaceae Halictidae->Nyctaginaceae Halictidae->Onagraceae Halictidae->Orchidaceae Halictidae->Orobanchaceae Halictidae->Papaveraceae Halictidae->Passifloraceae Halictidae->Plantaginaceae Halictidae->Polycitoridae Halictidae->Polygalaceae Halictidae->Polygonaceae Halictidae->Ranunculaceae Halictidae->Rhamnaceae Halictidae->Rhopalonematidae Halictidae->Rosaceae Halictidae->Salicaceae Halictidae->Sapindaceae Halictidae->Solanaceae Halictidae->Sphingidae Halictidae->Talpidae Halictidae->Tamaricaceae Halictidae->Verbenaceae Halictidae->Zygophyllaceae Halictidae->Celastraceae Halictidae->Acanthaceae Halictidae->Amaryllidaceae Halictidae->Aphididae Halictidae->Arecaceae Halictidae->Bixaceae Halictidae->Caryophyllaceae Halictidae->Clethraceae Halictidae->Cucurbitaceae Halictidae->Gentianaceae Halictidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae->Iridaceae Halictidae->Lotidae Halictidae->Lythraceae Halictidae->Malpighiaceae Halictidae->Melastomataceae Halictidae->Milioliporidae Halictidae->Muntingiaceae Halictidae->Myrtaceae Halictidae->Nartheciaceae Halictidae->Parkinsoniidae Halictidae->Pennospiriferinidae Halictidae->Peraceae Halictidae->Piperaceae Halictidae->Resedaceae Halictidae->Rubiaceae Halictidae->Rutaceae Halictidae->Scrophulariaceae Halictidae->Tipulidae Halictidae->Tithoniidae Halictidae->Tortricidae Halictidae->Vitaceae Platanaceae Platanaceae Halictidae->Platanaceae Halictidae->Araliaceae Halictidae->Francoaceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Halictidae->Alismataceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Halictidae->Nymphaeaceae Alaudidae Alaudidae Halictidae->Alaudidae Camerospongiidae Camerospongiidae Halictidae->Camerospongiidae Erebidae Erebidae Halictidae->Erebidae Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulaceae Halictidae->Eriocaulaceae Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae Halictidae->Melanthiaceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Halictidae->Portulacaceae Violaceae Violaceae Halictidae->Violaceae Linyphiidae->Asteraceae Linyphiidae->Brassicaceae Linyphiidae->Cornaceae Linyphiidae->Accipitridae Linyphiidae->Anacardiaceae Linyphiidae->Apiaceae Linyphiidae->Apocynaceae Linyphiidae->Asparagaceae Linyphiidae->Bacillariaceae Linyphiidae->Bignoniaceae Linyphiidae->Boraginaceae Linyphiidae->Cactaceae Linyphiidae->Cassidae Linyphiidae->Cerambycidae Linyphiidae->Cleomaceae Linyphiidae->Convolvulaceae Linyphiidae->Ericaceae Linyphiidae->Euphorbiaceae Linyphiidae->Fabaceae Linyphiidae->Geraniaceae Linyphiidae->Haematococcaceae Linyphiidae->Hydrangeaceae Linyphiidae->Hydrophyllaceae Linyphiidae->Lamiaceae Linyphiidae->Malvaceae Linyphiidae->Namaceae Linyphiidae->Nyctaginaceae Linyphiidae->Onagraceae Linyphiidae->Orchidaceae Linyphiidae->Passifloraceae Linyphiidae->Plantaginaceae Linyphiidae->Polycitoridae Linyphiidae->Polygonaceae Linyphiidae->Ranunculaceae Linyphiidae->Rhamnaceae Linyphiidae->Rosaceae Linyphiidae->Salicaceae Linyphiidae->Solanaceae Linyphiidae->Tamaricaceae Linyphiidae->Verbenaceae Linyphiidae->Zygophyllaceae Linyphiidae->Acanthaceae Linyphiidae->Amaryllidaceae Linyphiidae->Aphididae Linyphiidae->Berberidaceae Linyphiidae->Burseraceae Linyphiidae->Capparaceae Linyphiidae->Caryophyllaceae Linyphiidae->Clethraceae Linyphiidae->Cordiaceae Linyphiidae->Cucurbitaceae Linyphiidae->Lepidotrichidae Linyphiidae->Malpighiaceae Linyphiidae->Oxalidaceae Linyphiidae->Piperaceae Linyphiidae->Rubiaceae Linyphiidae->Tipulidae Linyphiidae->Violaceae Hesperiidae Hesperiidae Linyphiidae->Hesperiidae Ximeniaceae Ximeniaceae Linyphiidae->Ximeniaceae Megachilidae->Asteraceae Megachilidae->Brassicaceae Megachilidae->Poaceae Megachilidae->Fagaceae Megachilidae->Accipitridae Megachilidae->Amaranthaceae Megachilidae->Anacardiaceae Megachilidae->Apiaceae Megachilidae->Apocynaceae Megachilidae->Bacillariaceae Megachilidae->Boraginaceae Megachilidae->Cactaceae Megachilidae->Carabidae Megachilidae->Cassidae Megachilidae->Cleomaceae Megachilidae->Colletidae Megachilidae->Convolvulaceae Megachilidae->Ericaceae Megachilidae->Euphorbiaceae Megachilidae->Fabaceae Megachilidae->Geraniaceae Megachilidae->Haematococcaceae Megachilidae->Heliotropiaceae Megachilidae->Hydrophyllaceae Megachilidae->Lamiaceae Megachilidae->Loasaceae Megachilidae->Malvaceae Megachilidae->Namaceae Megachilidae->Nyctaginaceae Megachilidae->Onagraceae Megachilidae->Orobanchaceae Megachilidae->Papaveraceae Megachilidae->Plantaginaceae Megachilidae->Polycitoridae Megachilidae->Polygonaceae Megachilidae->Rhamnaceae Megachilidae->Rhopalonematidae Megachilidae->Rosaceae Megachilidae->Salicaceae Megachilidae->Solanaceae Megachilidae->Sphingidae Megachilidae->Talpidae Megachilidae->Tamaricaceae Megachilidae->Verbenaceae Megachilidae->Zygophyllaceae Megachilidae->Aphrophoridae Megachilidae->Acanthaceae Megachilidae->Amaryllidaceae Megachilidae->Aphididae Megachilidae->Berberidaceae Megachilidae->Capparaceae Megachilidae->Carinariidae Megachilidae->Cucurbitaceae Megachilidae->Diphyidae Megachilidae->Lepidotrichidae Megachilidae->Lotidae Megachilidae->Lythraceae Megachilidae->Malpighiaceae Megachilidae->Parkinsoniidae Megachilidae->Pennospiriferinidae Megachilidae->Piperaceae Megachilidae->Rubiaceae Megachilidae->Tipulidae Megachilidae->Tortricidae Megachilidae->Turbinidae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Megachilidae->Aizoaceae Lycaenidae Lycaenidae Megachilidae->Lycaenidae Montiaceae Montiaceae Megachilidae->Montiaceae Nitrariaceae Nitrariaceae Megachilidae->Nitrariaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Megachilidae->Polemoniaceae Tortricidae->Boraginaceae Tortricidae->Cassidae Tortricidae->Convolvulaceae Tortricidae->Fabaceae Tortricidae->Malvaceae Tortricidae->Lythraceae Tortricidae->Rubiaceae Aradidae Aradidae Aradidae->Cactaceae Aradidae->Xylariaceae Argidae Argidae Argidae->Apiaceae Argidae->Salicaceae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae->Tipulidae Asilidae Asilidae Asilidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae Attelabidae Attelabidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae->Fagaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Attelabidae->Ebenaceae Baetidae Baetidae Baetidae->Asteraceae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae->Malvaceae Belostomatidae->Clethraceae Belostomatidae->Rubiaceae Bethylidae Bethylidae Bethylidae->Salicaceae Biphyllidae Biphyllidae Biphyllidae->Fabaceae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae->Asteraceae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae->Fabaceae Bostrichidae->Celastraceae Bostrichidae->Moraceae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae->Fagaceae Brachyceridae->Malvaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Brachyceridae->Cyperaceae Salviniaceae Salviniaceae Brachyceridae->Salviniaceae Cyperaceae->Asteraceae Cyperaceae->Malvaceae Cyperaceae->Verbenaceae Cyperaceae->Zygophyllaceae Cyperaceae->Iridaceae Braconidae Braconidae Braconidae->Asteraceae Braconidae->Brassicaceae Braconidae->Psammonobiotidae Braconidae->Ulmaceae Braconidae->Fagaceae Braconidae->Accipitridae Braconidae->Amaranthaceae Braconidae->Anacardiaceae Braconidae->Apiaceae Braconidae->Apocynaceae Braconidae->Asparagaceae Braconidae->Balaenopteridae Braconidae->Cactaceae Braconidae->Cassidae Braconidae->Cleomaceae Braconidae->Colletidae Braconidae->Convolvulaceae Braconidae->Euphorbiaceae Braconidae->Fabaceae Braconidae->Hydrophyllaceae Braconidae->Lamiaceae Braconidae->Malvaceae Braconidae->Onagraceae Braconidae->Polycitoridae Braconidae->Polygonaceae Braconidae->Rosaceae Braconidae->Salicaceae Braconidae->Solanaceae Braconidae->Sphingidae Braconidae->Talpidae Braconidae->Tamaricaceae Braconidae->Verbenaceae Braconidae->Zygophyllaceae Braconidae->Arecaceae Braconidae->Milioliporidae Braconidae->Pennospiriferinidae Braconidae->Primulaceae Braconidae->Turbinidae Braconidae->Platanaceae Brentidae Brentidae Brentidae->Asteraceae Brentidae->Fagaceae Brentidae->Bignoniaceae Brentidae->Fabaceae Buprestidae Buprestidae Buprestidae->Asteraceae Buprestidae->Poaceae Buprestidae->Cornaceae Buprestidae->Cactaceae Buprestidae->Fabaceae Buprestidae->Malvaceae Buprestidae->Polygonaceae Buprestidae->Zygophyllaceae Buprestidae->Oleaceae Byturidae Byturidae Byturidae->Cornaceae Byturidae->Hydrangeaceae Cantharidae Cantharidae Cantharidae->Asteraceae Cantharidae->Brassicaceae Cantharidae->Cornaceae Cantharidae->Anacardiaceae Cantharidae->Apiaceae Cantharidae->Bignoniaceae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae->Asteraceae Cephidae Cephidae Cephidae->Apiaceae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae->Asteraceae Ceratopogonidae->Apiaceae Ceratopogonidae->Cactaceae Ceratopogonidae->Cleomaceae Ceratopogonidae->Zygophyllaceae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae->Fagaceae Cerylonidae->Fabaceae Cerylonidae->Salicaceae Cerylonidae->Pinaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Cerylonidae->Polyporaceae Characiopsidaceae Characiopsidaceae Characiopsidaceae->Fabaceae Characiopsidaceae->Namaceae Characiopsidaceae->Rosaceae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae->Cactaceae Chironomidae Chironomidae Chironomidae->Asteraceae Chironomidae->Brassicaceae Chironomidae->Anacardiaceae Chironomidae->Apiaceae Chironomidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysididae Chrysididae Chrysididae->Asteraceae Chrysididae->Anacardiaceae Chrysididae->Bignoniaceae Chrysididae->Convolvulaceae Chrysididae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysididae->Fabaceae Chrysididae->Haematococcaceae Chrysididae->Orchidaceae Chrysididae->Polygonaceae Chrysididae->Salicaceae Chrysididae->Zygophyllaceae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae->Asteraceae Chrysomelidae->Brassicaceae Chrysomelidae->Cornaceae Chrysomelidae->Ulmaceae Chrysomelidae->Amaranthaceae Chrysomelidae->Apocynaceae Chrysomelidae->Asparagaceae Chrysomelidae->Cactaceae Chrysomelidae->Convolvulaceae Chrysomelidae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysomelidae->Fabaceae Chrysomelidae->Geraniaceae Chrysomelidae->Liliaceae Chrysomelidae->Onagraceae Chrysomelidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysomelidae->Rosaceae Chrysomelidae->Salicaceae Chrysomelidae->Solanaceae Chrysomelidae->Sphingidae Chrysomelidae->Elaeagnaceae Chrysomelidae->Moraceae Chrysomelidae->Xylariaceae Chrysomelidae->Aphididae Chrysomelidae->Arecaceae Chrysomelidae->Marantaceae Chrysomelidae->Rubiaceae Chrysomelidae->Vitaceae Chrysomelidae->Nymphalidae Chrysomelidae->Chrysomelidae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Chrysomelidae->Bromeliaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Chrysomelidae->Cupressaceae Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Chrysomelidae->Heliconiaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Chrysomelidae->Zingiberaceae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae->Cleomaceae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae->Asteraceae Cicadellidae->Cleomaceae Cicadidae Cicadidae Cicadidae->Asteraceae Cicadidae->Fabaceae Cichlidae Cichlidae Cichlidae->Polycitoridae Ciidae Ciidae Ciidae->Salicaceae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae->Cornaceae Cleridae Cleridae Cleridae->Asteraceae Cleridae->Ulmaceae Cleridae->Balaenopteridae Cleridae->Bignoniaceae Cleridae->Cerambycidae Cleridae->Cleomaceae Cleridae->Fabaceae Cleridae->Haematococcaceae Cleridae->Salicaceae Cleridae->Sapindaceae Cleridae->Zygophyllaceae Cleridae->Moraceae Cleridae->Nymphalidae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae->Asteraceae Coccinellidae->Brassicaceae Coccinellidae->Poaceae Coccinellidae->Psammonobiotidae Coccinellidae->Cornaceae Coccinellidae->Bignoniaceae Coccinellidae->Cactaceae Coccinellidae->Cleomaceae Coccinellidae->Fabaceae Coccinellidae->Malvaceae Coccinellidae->Rosaceae Coccinellidae->Sapindaceae Coccinellidae->Talpidae Coccinellidae->Magnoliaceae Coccinellidae->Arecaceae Coccinellidae->Iridaceae Coccinellidae->Turbinidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae->Apiaceae Colubridae Colubridae Colubridae->Aphididae Coreidae Coreidae Coreidae->Cactaceae Corixidae Corixidae Corixidae->Asteraceae Corixidae->Lamiaceae Corixidae->Malvaceae Corixidae->Polycitoridae Corixidae->Polygonaceae Corixidae->Arecaceae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae Corixidae->Plumbaginaceae Corylophidae Corylophidae Corylophidae->Asparagaceae Corylophidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae Crabronidae Crabronidae->Asteraceae Crabronidae->Apocynaceae Crabronidae->Cleomaceae Crabronidae->Euphorbiaceae Crabronidae->Fabaceae Crabronidae->Lamiaceae Crabronidae->Malvaceae Crabronidae->Polygalaceae Crabronidae->Polygonaceae Crabronidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae->Zygophyllaceae Crabronidae->Tipulidae Crabronidae->Vitaceae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae->Cupressaceae Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae->Fabaceae Culicidae->Salicaceae Culicidae->Heliconiaceae Curculionidae Curculionidae Curculionidae->Asteraceae Curculionidae->Brassicaceae Curculionidae->Psammonobiotidae Curculionidae->Cornaceae Curculionidae->Ulmaceae Curculionidae->Fagaceae Curculionidae->Accipitridae Curculionidae->Anacardiaceae Curculionidae->Apocynaceae Curculionidae->Cactaceae Curculionidae->Cassidae Curculionidae->Cerambycidae Curculionidae->Cleomaceae Curculionidae->Convolvulaceae Curculionidae->Euphorbiaceae Curculionidae->Fabaceae Curculionidae->Lamiaceae Curculionidae->Loasaceae Curculionidae->Malvaceae Curculionidae->Nyctaginaceae Curculionidae->Onagraceae Curculionidae->Papaveraceae Curculionidae->Plantaginaceae Curculionidae->Polycitoridae Curculionidae->Polygonaceae Curculionidae->Ranunculaceae Curculionidae->Rosaceae Curculionidae->Salicaceae Curculionidae->Solanaceae Curculionidae->Moraceae Curculionidae->Xylariaceae Curculionidae->Caprifoliaceae Curculionidae->Combretaceae Curculionidae->Commelinaceae Curculionidae->Juncaceae Curculionidae->Lauraceae Curculionidae->Musaceae Curculionidae->Oleaceae Curculionidae->Scrophulariaceae Curculionidae->Turbinidae Curculionidae->Ebenaceae Curculionidae->Cyperaceae Curculionidae->Bromeliaceae Curculionidae->Zingiberaceae Curculionidae->Alismataceae Cabombaceae Cabombaceae Curculionidae->Cabombaceae Haloragaceae Haloragaceae Curculionidae->Haloragaceae Nothofagaceae Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nymphaeaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Curculionidae->Urticaceae Cymidae Cymidae Cymidae->Asteraceae Dermestidae Dermestidae Dermestidae->Asteraceae Dermestidae->Cornaceae Dermestidae->Ulmaceae Dermestidae->Anacardiaceae Dermestidae->Apiaceae Dermestidae->Apocynaceae Dermestidae->Bignoniaceae Dermestidae->Euphorbiaceae Dermestidae->Fabaceae Dermestidae->Hydrangeaceae Dermestidae->Elaeagnaceae Dermestidae->Pinaceae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae->Asteraceae Dryophthoridae->Poaceae Dryophthoridae->Alismataceae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae->Asteraceae Dytiscidae->Malvaceae Dytiscidae->Arecaceae Dytiscidae->Nymphalidae Dytiscidae->Ophioglossaceae Membracidae Membracidae Dytiscidae->Membracidae Noteridae Noteridae Dytiscidae->Noteridae Membracidae->Asteraceae Membracidae->Xylariaceae Noteridae->Arecaceae Elateridae Elateridae Elateridae->Asteraceae Elateridae->Brassicaceae Elateridae->Poaceae Elateridae->Ulmaceae Elateridae->Fagaceae Elateridae->Bignoniaceae Elateridae->Rosaceae Elateridae->Salicaceae Elateridae->Tamaricaceae Elateridae->Moraceae Elateridae->Pinaceae Endomychidae Endomychidae Endomychidae->Polycitoridae Endomychidae->Salicaceae Endomychidae->Xylariaceae Endomychidae->Nymphalidae Erotylidae Erotylidae Erotylidae->Convolvulaceae Erotylidae->Xylariaceae Erotylidae->Polyporaceae Euxestidae Euxestidae Euxestidae->Ulmaceae Euxestidae->Polycitoridae Evaniidae Evaniidae Evaniidae->Asteraceae Evaniidae->Fabaceae Formicidae Formicidae Formicidae->Asteraceae Formicidae->Brassicaceae Formicidae->Malvaceae Formicidae->Marantaceae Formicidae->Heliconiaceae Gelechiidae Gelechiidae Gelechiidae->Apocynaceae Gelechiidae->Colletidae Gelechiidae->Fabaceae Gelechiidae->Lamiaceae Gelechiidae->Polygonaceae Gelechiidae->Zygophyllaceae Gelechiidae->Myrtaceae Geometridae Geometridae Geometridae->Asteraceae Geometridae->Brassicaceae Geometridae->Accipitridae Geometridae->Anacardiaceae Geometridae->Apiaceae Geometridae->Apocynaceae Geometridae->Asparagaceae Geometridae->Boraginaceae Geometridae->Cactaceae Geometridae->Cleomaceae Geometridae->Colletidae Geometridae->Euphorbiaceae Geometridae->Fabaceae Geometridae->Geraniaceae Geometridae->Hydrophyllaceae Geometridae->Lamiaceae Geometridae->Malvaceae Geometridae->Menyanthaceae Geometridae->Onagraceae Geometridae->Papaveraceae Geometridae->Polycitoridae Geometridae->Polygonaceae Geometridae->Rosaceae Geometridae->Salicaceae Geometridae->Solanaceae Geometridae->Sphingidae Geometridae->Verbenaceae Geometridae->Zygophyllaceae Geometridae->Aphididae Geometridae->Lepidotrichidae Geometridae->Resedaceae Geometridae->Rubiaceae Geometridae->Juglandaceae Geometridae->Aizoaceae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae->Brassicaceae Gryllidae Gryllidae Gryllidae->Asteraceae Gryllidae->Fabaceae Gryllidae->Polycitoridae Gyrinidae Gyrinidae Gyrinidae->Asteraceae Gyrinidae->Polygonaceae Gyrinidae->Aphididae Heliozelidae Heliozelidae Heliozelidae->Asteraceae Heliozelidae->Cassidae Heliozelidae->Fabaceae Heliozelidae->Lamiaceae Heliozelidae->Malvaceae Heliozelidae->Rosaceae Heliozelidae->Sphingidae Herpotrichiellaceae Herpotrichiellaceae Herpotrichiellaceae->Cleomaceae Heterotermitidae Heterotermitidae Heterotermitidae->Heterotermitidae Histeridae Histeridae Histeridae->Asteraceae Histeridae->Ulmaceae Histeridae->Fagaceae Histeridae->Cactaceae Histeridae->Fabaceae Histeridae->Polycitoridae Histeridae->Salicaceae Histeridae->Aphididae Histeridae->Heliconiaceae Termitidae Termitidae Histeridae->Termitidae Termitidae->Termitidae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae->Xylariaceae Hybosoridae->Polyporaceae Hydraenidae Hydraenidae Hydraenidae->Ophioglossaceae Hydrodictyaceae Hydrodictyaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Asteraceae Hydrodictyaceae->Apocynaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Cactaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Euphorbiaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Fabaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Lamiaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Solanaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Malpighiaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Piperaceae Hydrodictyaceae->Rubiaceae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae->Asparagaceae Hydrophilidae->Lamiaceae Hydrophilidae->Xylariaceae Hydrophilidae->Marantaceae Hydrophilidae->Nymphalidae Hydrophilidae->Bromeliaceae Hydrophilidae->Heliconiaceae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae->Poaceae Ichneumonidae->Apiaceae Ichneumonidae->Bignoniaceae Ichneumonidae->Hydrophyllaceae Ichneumonidae->Salicaceae Ichneumonidae->Aphididae Keroplatidae Keroplatidae Keroplatidae->Asteraceae Keroplatidae->Asparagaceae Keroplatidae->Fabaceae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae->Ulmaceae Laemophloeidae->Anacardiaceae Laemophloeidae->Fabaceae Laemophloeidae->Moraceae Lampyridae Lampyridae Lampyridae->Apiaceae Lampyridae->Cactaceae Latridiidae Latridiidae Latridiidae->Cornaceae Latridiidae->Ulmaceae Latridiidae->Asparagaceae Latridiidae->Polycitoridae Latridiidae->Rosaceae Leiodidae Leiodidae Leiodidae->Asteraceae Leiodidae->Solanaceae Leiodidae->Polyporaceae Leiodidae->Formicidae Leucospidae Leucospidae Leucospidae->Asteraceae Leucospidae->Fabaceae Leucospidae->Salicaceae Lucanidae Lucanidae Lucanidae->Polycitoridae Lycidae Lycidae Lycidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae->Apocynaceae Mantispidae Mantispidae Mantispidae->Lamiaceae Mantispidae->Sapindaceae Melandryidae Melandryidae Melandryidae->Cornaceae Melandryidae->Pinaceae Melandryidae->Zingiberaceae Melittidae Melittidae Melittidae->Asteraceae Melittidae->Cactaceae Melittidae->Cleomaceae Melittidae->Fabaceae Melittidae->Malvaceae Melittidae->Namaceae Melittidae->Zygophyllaceae Melittidae->Iridaceae Melittidae->Scrophulariaceae Petalidiumidae Petalidiumidae Melittidae->Petalidiumidae Meloidae Meloidae Meloidae->Asteraceae Meloidae->Fabaceae Meloidae->Malvaceae Meloidae->Solanaceae Meloidae->Zygophyllaceae Melyridae Melyridae Melyridae->Asteraceae Melyridae->Cactaceae Melyridae->Cleomaceae Melyridae->Fabaceae Melyridae->Hydrophyllaceae Melyridae->Papaveraceae Melyridae->Solanaceae Melyridae->Elaeagnaceae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae->Asteraceae Miridae Miridae Miridae->Cornaceae Miridae->Asparagaceae Miridae->Cleomaceae Miridae->Scrophulariaceae Miridae->Melanthiaceae Monotomidae Monotomidae Monotomidae->Fabaceae Monotomidae->Urticaceae Mordellidae Mordellidae Mordellidae->Asteraceae Mordellidae->Cornaceae Mordellidae->Ulmaceae Mordellidae->Anacardiaceae Mordellidae->Fabaceae Mordellidae->Polygalaceae Mordellidae->Melanthiaceae Mutillidae Mutillidae Mutillidae->Asteraceae Mutillidae->Lamiaceae Mutillidae->Polygalaceae Mutillidae->Salicaceae Mutillidae->Nartheciaceae Mutillidae->Tipulidae Mycetophagidae Mycetophagidae Mycetophagidae->Ulmaceae Mycetophagidae->Apocynaceae Mycetophagidae->Hydrangeaceae Globivalvulinidae Globivalvulinidae Mycetophagidae->Globivalvulinidae Nemonychidae Nemonychidae Nemonychidae->Pinaceae Nemopteridae Nemopteridae Nemopteridae->Nothofagaceae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae->Asteraceae Nitidulidae->Ulmaceae Nitidulidae->Fagaceae Nitidulidae->Asparagaceae Nitidulidae->Cactaceae Nitidulidae->Cleomaceae Nitidulidae->Fabaceae Nitidulidae->Rosaceae Nitidulidae->Salicaceae Nitidulidae->Moraceae Nitidulidae->Xylariaceae Nitidulidae->Pinaceae Nitidulidae->Polyporaceae Nitidulidae->Cupressaceae Nitidulidae->Zingiberaceae Nitidulidae->Melanthiaceae Nitidulidae->Globivalvulinidae Noctuidae Noctuidae Noctuidae->Asteraceae Noctuidae->Brassicaceae Noctuidae->Cassidae Noctuidae->Fabaceae Noctuidae->Rosaceae Pieridae Pieridae Noctuidae->Pieridae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae->Ulmaceae Nosodendridae->Polycitoridae Nosodendridae->Salicaceae Notonectidae Notonectidae Notonectidae->Fabaceae Notonectidae->Arecaceae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae->Cactaceae Ovulidae Ovulidae Ovulidae->Convolvulaceae Ovulidae->Rubiaceae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae->Asteraceae Pentatomidae->Brassicaceae Pentatomidae->Scrophulariaceae Phalacridae Phalacridae Phalacridae->Asteraceae Phalacridae->Cactaceae Phalacridae->Onagraceae Phalacridae->Rosaceae Plagiogrammaceae Plagiogrammaceae Plagiogrammaceae->Zingiberaceae Pompilidae Pompilidae Pompilidae->Asteraceae Pompilidae->Polycitoridae Pompilidae->Verbenaceae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae->Asparagaceae Ptiliidae->Cleomaceae Ptiliidae->Apidae Ptiliidae->Marantaceae Ptiliidae->Bromeliaceae Ptiliidae->Heliconiaceae Ptinidae Ptinidae Ptinidae->Moraceae Reduviidae Reduviidae Reduviidae->Asteraceae Reduviidae->Cornaceae Reduviidae->Cactaceae Reduviidae->Fabaceae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae->Ericaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Fabaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Lepidotrichidae Cupuladriidae Cupuladriidae Rhaphidophoridae->Cupuladriidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae->Asteraceae Ripiphoridae Ripiphoridae Ripiphoridae->Asteraceae Ripiphoridae->Accipitridae Ripiphoridae->Apiaceae Ripiphoridae->Lamiaceae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae->Asteraceae Scarabaeidae->Cornaceae Scarabaeidae->Amaranthaceae Scarabaeidae->Asparagaceae Scarabaeidae->Cactaceae Scarabaeidae->Lamiaceae Scarabaeidae->Malvaceae Scarabaeidae->Papaveraceae Scarabaeidae->Rhamnaceae Scarabaeidae->Sapindaceae Scarabaeidae->Aphididae Scarabaeidae->Iridaceae Scarabaeidae->Vitaceae Scarabaeidae->Termitidae Droseraceae Droseraceae Scarabaeidae->Droseraceae Scirtidae Scirtidae Scirtidae->Primobucconidae Scoliidae Scoliidae Scoliidae->Asteraceae Scoliidae->Accipitridae Scoliidae->Fabaceae Scoliidae->Zygophyllaceae Scoliidae->Nartheciaceae Scraptiidae Scraptiidae Scraptiidae->Asteraceae Scraptiidae->Cornaceae Scraptiidae->Anacardiaceae Scraptiidae->Rosaceae Scraptiidae->Elaeagnaceae Scydmaenidae Scydmaenidae Scydmaenidae->Araucariaceae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Scydmaenidae->Balsaminaceae Sialidae Sialidae Triplesiidae Triplesiidae Sialidae->Triplesiidae Silvanidae Silvanidae Silvanidae->Asteraceae Silvanidae->Ulmaceae Silvanidae->Polycitoridae Simuliidae Simuliidae Simuliidae->Rosaceae Simuliidae->Salicaceae Simuliidae->Myrtaceae Simuliidae->Rubiaceae Soleidae Soleidae Soleidae->Myrtaceae Soleidae->Pleurogenidae Sphecidae Sphecidae Sphecidae->Asteraceae Sphecidae->Bignoniaceae Sphecidae->Fabaceae Sphecidae->Rhamnaceae Sphecidae->Rosaceae Sphecidae->Sphingidae Sphecidae->Nartheciaceae Staphylinidae Staphylinidae Staphylinidae->Asteraceae Staphylinidae->Poaceae Staphylinidae->Cornaceae Staphylinidae->Ulmaceae Staphylinidae->Fagaceae Staphylinidae->Amaranthaceae Staphylinidae->Asparagaceae Staphylinidae->Bignoniaceae Staphylinidae->Cactaceae Staphylinidae->Cleomaceae Staphylinidae->Fabaceae Staphylinidae->Polycitoridae Staphylinidae->Ranunculaceae Staphylinidae->Rhamnaceae Staphylinidae->Salicaceae Staphylinidae->Solanaceae Staphylinidae->Elaeagnaceae Staphylinidae->Xylariaceae Staphylinidae->Marantaceae Staphylinidae->Musaceae Staphylinidae->Myrtaceae Staphylinidae->Oleaceae Staphylinidae->Pinaceae Staphylinidae->Nymphalidae Staphylinidae->Polyporaceae Staphylinidae->Bromeliaceae Staphylinidae->Cupressaceae Staphylinidae->Heliconiaceae Staphylinidae->Zingiberaceae Staphylinidae->Juglandaceae Staphylinidae->Urticaceae Staphylinidae->Heterotermitidae Staphylinidae->Termitidae Staphylinidae->Globivalvulinidae Staphylinidae->Balsaminaceae Staphylinidae->Staphylinidae Viburnaceae Viburnaceae Staphylinidae->Viburnaceae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae->Myrtaceae Syrphidae Syrphidae Syrphidae->Asteraceae Syrphidae->Brassicaceae Syrphidae->Apiaceae Syrphidae->Cactaceae Syrphidae->Fabaceae Syrphidae->Orchidaceae Syrphidae->Polycitoridae Syrphidae->Rhamnaceae Syrphidae->Aphididae Tabanidae Tabanidae Tabanidae->Asteraceae Tabanidae->Ulmaceae Tabanidae->Iridaceae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae->Cornaceae Tenebrionidae->Ulmaceae Tenebrionidae->Fagaceae Tenebrionidae->Cactaceae Tenebrionidae->Euphorbiaceae Tenebrionidae->Fabaceae Tenebrionidae->Polycitoridae Tenebrionidae->Salicaceae Tenebrionidae->Celastraceae Tenebrionidae->Moraceae Tenebrionidae->Xylariaceae Tenebrionidae->Marantaceae Tenebrionidae->Pinaceae Tenebrionidae->Polyporaceae Tenebrionidae->Heliconiaceae Tenebrionidae->Zingiberaceae Tenebrionidae->Termitidae Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae->Apiaceae Tenthredinidae->Rubiaceae Tephritidae Tephritidae Tephritidae->Asteraceae Teredidae Teredidae Teredidae->Cactaceae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae->Salicaceae Tetratomidae->Xylariaceae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae->Asparagaceae Tettigoniidae->Arecaceae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae->Cactaceae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae->Asteraceae Thyreocoridae->Rosaceae Thyrididae Thyrididae Thyrididae->Rhamnaceae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae->Asteraceae Tiphiidae->Brassicaceae Tiphiidae->Anacardiaceae Tiphiidae->Bignoniaceae Tiphiidae->Euphorbiaceae Tiphiidae->Fabaceae Tiphiidae->Lamiaceae Tiphiidae->Malvaceae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae->Ulmaceae Trogossitidae->Asparagaceae Trogossitidae->Fabaceae Trogossitidae->Salicaceae Trogossitidae->Moraceae Trogossitidae->Xylariaceae Varunidae Varunidae Varunidae->Lamiaceae Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae->Asteraceae Vespertilionidae->Brassicaceae Vespertilionidae->Cassidae Vespertilionidae->Fabaceae Vespertilionidae->Polycitoridae Vespertilionidae->Arecaceae Vespidae Vespidae Vespidae->Asteraceae Vespidae->Brassicaceae Vespidae->Ulmaceae Vespidae->Accipitridae Vespidae->Amaranthaceae Vespidae->Anacardiaceae Vespidae->Apiaceae Vespidae->Asparagaceae Vespidae->Balaenopteridae Vespidae->Bignoniaceae Vespidae->Boraginaceae Vespidae->Cactaceae Vespidae->Convolvulaceae Vespidae->Fabaceae Vespidae->Geraniaceae Vespidae->Lamiaceae Vespidae->Malvaceae Vespidae->Namaceae Vespidae->Orchidaceae Vespidae->Polygalaceae Vespidae->Polygonaceae Vespidae->Ranunculaceae Vespidae->Rhamnaceae Vespidae->Rosaceae Vespidae->Salicaceae Vespidae->Solanaceae Vespidae->Verbenaceae Vespidae->Megachilidae Vespidae->Musaceae Vespidae->Rubiaceae Vespidae->Tipulidae Vespidae->Vitaceae Virgulariidae Virgulariidae Virgulariidae->Brassicaceae Virgulariidae->Anacardiaceae Zopheridae Zopheridae Zopheridae->Pinaceae

You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv.gz. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv.gz

Geospatial Distribution

If geospatial information was extracted from the dataset under review, the map below will show their distribution. These maps were generated using MapServer (McKenna et al. 2025) tools configured via map configuration indexed-interactions.map :

MAP
  SIZE 1600 800
  EXTENT -180 -90 180 90
  PROJECTION
    "init=epsg:4326"
  END
  LAYER # MODIS WMS map from NASA
    NAME         "modis_nasa"
    TYPE         RASTER
    OFFSITE      0 0 0
    STATUS       ON
    CONNECTIONTYPE WMS
    CONNECTION "https://gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov/wms/epsg4326/best/wms.cgi?"

    METADATA
      "wms_srs" "EPSG:4326"
      "wms_name" "OSM_Land_Water_Map"
      "wms_server_version" "1.1.1"
      "wms_format" "image/jpeg"
    END
    CLASS
      STYLE
        COLOR        232 232 232
        OUTLINECOLOR 32 32 32
      END
    END
  END 
  LAYER
    NAME "indexed-interactions"
    TYPE POLYGON
    STATUS ON
    CONNECTIONTYPE OGR
    CONNECTION "indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg"
    DATA "indexed-interactions-h3"
    CLASS
      STYLE
        COLORRANGE 253.0 231.0 37.0 32.0 164.0 134.0
        DATARANGE 0.3010299956639812 3.9883359558560505
        RANGEITEM "log_number_of_records"
        OUTLINECOLOR 0 0 0
      END
    END
  END
END
Hexagonal grid cells indicate that interactions claims are available for selected geospatial area: light yellow means relatively fewer claims, dark green relatively more claims.

Associated data can be found in the geopackage files at indexed-interactions.gpkg for point data and indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg for data clustered in geospatial h3 hexagonals.

Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email.

Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website.

Taxonomic Alignment

As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col, ncbi, discoverlife, gbif, itis, wfo, mdd, pbdb, worms, and wikidata). These alignments can help review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource.

Sample of Name Alignments
providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName
Abedus dilatatus HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abedus dilatatus
Abies HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abies
Abronia HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abronia
Abronia latifolia HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abronia latifolia
Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row.
resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count
col NA 307
col class 1
col family 135
col form 1
col genus 1077
col infraorder 1
col order 10
col species 3373
col subfamily 36
col subgenus 20
col suborder 2
col subspecies 192
col subterclass 1
col subtribe 4
col superfamily 7
col tribe 32
col variety 70
discoverlife NA 4457
discoverlife species 672
gbif NA 299
gbif class 1
gbif family 139
gbif form 1
gbif genus 1090
gbif order 10
gbif species 3418
gbif subspecies 225
gbif variety 106
itis NA 1108
itis class 1
itis family 133
itis genus 934
itis infraorder 1
itis order 10
itis species 2716
itis subfamily 40
itis subgenus 1
itis suborder 2
itis subspecies 72
itis superfamily 7
itis superorder 2
itis tribe 19
itis variety 90
mdd NA 5128
ncbi NA 1463
ncbi clade 1
ncbi class 1
ncbi cohort 1
ncbi family 128
ncbi genus 1016
ncbi infraorder 1
ncbi order 10
ncbi section 2
ncbi species 2389
ncbi species group 1
ncbi subfamily 54
ncbi subgenus 31
ncbi suborder 2
ncbi subspecies 15
ncbi subtribe 1
ncbi superfamily 7
ncbi superorder 1
ncbi tribe 20
ncbi varietas 12
pbdb NA 4471
pbdb class 1
pbdb family 136
pbdb genus 382
pbdb infraclass 1
pbdb infraorder 1
pbdb order 12
pbdb species 42
pbdb subfamily 56
pbdb suborder 5
pbdb subtribe 3
pbdb superfamily 7
pbdb tribe 23
pbdb unranked clade 3
wfo NA 2096
wfo family 47
wfo genus 649
wfo section 1
wfo species 2244
wfo subfamily 1
wfo subspecies 74
wfo variety 64
wikidata NA 462
wikidata WD:Q164280 55
wikidata WD:Q2136103 7
wikidata WD:Q227936 32
wikidata WD:Q2889003 1
wikidata WD:Q3238261 51
wikidata WD:Q34740 1000
wikidata WD:Q35409 132
wikidata WD:Q36602 9
wikidata WD:Q37517 1
wikidata WD:Q3965313 3
wikidata WD:Q5867959 2
wikidata WD:Q68947 14
wikidata WD:Q7432 3359
worms NA 3944
worms family 97
worms genus 427
worms order 10
worms species 602
worms subclass 1
worms subfamily 5
worms suborder 2
worms subspecies 20
worms subterclass 1
worms subtribe 2
worms superfamily 1
worms tribe 6
worms variety 24
Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type “NONE” means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. “SAME_AS” indicates either a “HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME” or “SYNONYM_OF” name relationship type. We recognize that “SYNONYM_OF” encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies (ICZN 1999) (e.g., junior synonym, senior synonyms).
resolvedCatalogName relationName count
col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 9562
col SYNONYM_OF 2755
col NONE 320
discoverlife NONE 7931
discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 630
discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 21
discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 116
gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 9842
gbif SYNONYM_OF 3129
gbif NONE 312
itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 6965
itis NONE 1205
itis SYNONYM_OF 657
mdd NONE 8630
ncbi NONE 1558
ncbi SAME_AS 8101
ncbi SYNONYM_OF 327
pbdb NONE 5891
pbdb HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2740
pbdb SYNONYM_OF 47
wfo NONE 5339
wfo HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2627
wfo HAS_UNCHECKED_NAME 330
wfo SYNONYM_OF 966
wikidata HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 8098
wikidata NONE 476
wikidata SYNONYM_OF 56
worms NONE 6314
worms HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2040
worms SYNONYM_OF 673
List of Available Name Alignment Reports
catalog name alignment results
col associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
ncbi associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
discoverlife associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
gbif associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
itis associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
wfo associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
mdd associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
pbdb associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
worms associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)
wikidata associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv)

Additional Reviews

Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below.

First few lines in the review notes.
reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment
2026-07-07T03:46:59Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2026-07-07T03:46:59Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2026-07-07T03:46:59Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2026-07-07T03:46:59Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]

In addition, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below.

Most frequently occurring review notes, if any.
reviewComment count
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid] 5
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3630] not valid] 1
found invalid location: [range of longitude [3452.516] not valid] 1
found unsupported interaction type with name: [attacked by] 1

For additional information on review notes, please have a look at the first 500 Review Notes in html format or the download full gzipped csv or tsv archives.

GloBI Review Badge

As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review.

review review 💬 💬

Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data.

GloBI Index Badge

If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products.

Picture of a GloBI Index Badge

If you’d like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit GloBI’s dataset index 5 for badge examples.

Discussion

This review and archive provides a means of creating citable versions of datasets that change frequently. This may be useful for dataset managers, including natural history collection data managers, as a backup archive of a shared Darwin Core archive. It also serves as a means of creating a trackable citation for the dataset in an automated way, while also including some information about the contents of the dataset.

This review aims to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid in understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, it is important to note that this review does not assess the quality of the dataset. Instead, it serves as an indication of the open-ness6 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The current Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and a more quantitative approach can be implemented with specified measurement units.

This report also showcases the reuse of machine-actionable (meta)data, something highly recommended by the FAIR Data Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016). Making (meta)data machine-actionable enables more precise procesing by computers, enabling even naive review bots like Nomer and Elton to interpret the data effectively. This capability is crucial for not just automating the generation of reports, but also for facilitating seamless data exchanges, promoting interoperability.

Acknowledgements

We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities. Also, thanks to https://github.com/zygoballus for helping improve the layout of the review tables.

Author contributions

Nomer was responsible for name alignments. Elton carried out dataset extraction, and generated the review notes. Preston tracked, versioned, and packaged, the dataset under review.

Appendix A. Review Files

The following files are produced in this review:

filename description
biblio.bib list of bibliographic reference of this review
check-dataset.sh data review workflow/process as expressed in a bash script
data.zip a versioned archive of the data under review
HEAD the digital signature of the data under review
index.docx review in MS Word format
index.html review in HTML format
index.md review in Pandoc markdown format
index.pdf review in PDF format
indexed-citations.csv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped comma-separated values file format
indexed-citations.html.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interactions claims in gzipped html file format
indexed-citations.tsv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-interactions-col-family-col-family.svg network diagram showing the taxon family to taxon family interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024)
indexed-interactions-col-kingdom-col-kingdom.svg network diagram showing the taxon kingdom to taxon kingom interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024)
indexed-interactions.csv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-interactions.html.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped html format
indexed-interactions.tsv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-interactions.parquet species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format
indexed-interactions.png species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review plotted on a map
indexed-interactions.map mapserver configuration to plot species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review on a map
indexed-interactions.gpkg species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in GeoPackage format
indexed-interactions.fgb species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in FlatGeoBuf format
indexed-interactions-h3.gpkg geospatially clustered h3 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in GeoPackage format
indexed-interactions-sample.csv list of species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-interactions-sample.html first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in html format
indexed-interactions-sample.tsv first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
indexed-names.csv.gz taxonomic names indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped html format
indexed-names.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-col.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-col.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-col.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-col.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-gbif.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-itis.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-mdd.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-tpt.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-wfo.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format
indexed-names-resolved-worms.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format
indexed-names-sample.csv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in comma-separated values format
indexed-names-sample.html first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in html format
indexed-names-sample.tsv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
interaction.svg diagram summarizing the data model used to index species interaction claims
nanopub-sample.trig first 500 species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014)
nanopub.trig.gz species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014)
process.svg diagram summarizing the data review processing workflow
prov.nq origin of the dataset under review as expressed in rdf/nquads
review.csv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format
review.html.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped html format
review.tsv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format
review-sample.csv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in comma-separated values format
review-sample.html first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in html format
review-sample.tsv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in tab-separated values format
review.svg a review badge generated as part of the dataset review process
zenodo.json metadata of this review expressed in Zenodo record metadata

References

Elliott, Michael, Jorrit Poelen, Icaro Alzuru, Emilio Berti, and partha04patel. 2025. “Bio-Guoda/Preston: 0.10.5.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662206.
ICZN. 1999. “International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.” The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/.
Kuhn, Tobias, and Michel Dumontier. 2014. “Trusty URIs: Verifiable, Immutable, and Permanent Digital Artifacts for Linked Data.” In The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges, edited by Valentina Presutti, Claudia d’Amato, Fabien Gandon, Mathieu d’Aquin, Steffen Staab, and Anna Tordai, 395–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Kuhn, Tobias, Jorrit Poelen, and Katrin Leinweber. 2025. “Globalbioticinteractions/Elton: 0.15.1.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14927734.
McKenna, Jeff, Steve Lime, Thomas Bonfort, Jérome Boué, Howard Butler, Seth Girvin, Tom Kralidis, et al. 2025. “MapServer.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17807263.
Poelen, Jorrit H. (ed.). 2024. “Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources Hash://Sha256/ B60c0d25a16ae77b24305782017b1a270b79b5d1746f832650 F2027ba536e276 Hash://Md5/17f1363a277ee0e4ecaf1b91c665e47e.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12695629.
Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. “Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets.” Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.
Poelen, Jorrit, Katja Seltmann, and Daniel Mietchen. 2024. “Globalbioticinteractions/Globinizer: 0.4.0.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10647565.
Salim, José Augusto, and Jorrit Poelen. 2025. “Globalbioticinteractions/Nomer: 0.5.15.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14893840.
Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8176978.
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.