A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc

by Nomer and Elton, two naive review bots

[email protected]

https://globalbioticinteractions.org/contribute

https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/issues

2024-12-26

Abstract

Life on Earth is sustained by complex interactions between organisms and their environment. These biotic interactions can be captured in datasets and published digitally. We present a review process of such an openly accessible digital interactions dataset of known origin, and discuss its outcome. The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc, is 86.1MiB in size and contains 120,434 interaction with 2 unique types of associations (e.g., interactsWith) between 5,379 primary taxon (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,236 associated taxon (e.g., Salix). The report includes detailed summaries of interactions data as well as a taxonomic review from multiple catalogs.

Introduction

Data Review

Data review can be a time consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate data review of species interaction claims made in datasets registered with Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014). The review includes summary statistics of, and observations about, the dataset under review:

University of Kansas Natural History Museum https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/a9c7cb81050eef68b4428667206a219da458f517.zip 2024-12-21T15:39:29.221Z 2af46dc3e7ffef08e376a516f9c35ff4246428ced3686119f2eaba6645aa8506

For additional metadata related to this dataset, please visit https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc and inspect associated metadata files including, but not limited to, README.md, eml.xml, and/or globi.json.

Methods

The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston, Elton, Nomer combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head.

Tools used in this review process
tool name version
elton 0.13.9
nomer 0.5.13
mlr 6.0.0
pandoc 3.1.6.1

The review process can be described in the form of the script below 1.

# get versioned copy of the dataset (size approx. 86.1MiB) under review 
elton pull globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc

# generate review notes
elton review globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 > review.tsv

# export indexed interaction records
elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 > interactions.tsv

# export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer 
elton names globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 | nomer append col\
 > name-alignment.tsv

or visually, in a process diagram.

review origin dataset origin elton Elton (a naive review bot) elton->origin pull (1) interactions indexed interactions elton->interactions generates (2) alignment name alignments nomer Nomer (a naive review bot) nomer->interactions extract names (3) nomer->alignment generates (5) catalog name catalog nomer->catalog uses (4)

You can find a recent copy of the full review script at check-data.sh.

Results

In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 2. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided.

Biotic Interactions

model primaryTaxon Primary Taxon associatedTaxon Associated Taxon primaryOrganism Primary Organism primaryOrganism->primaryTaxon classifiedAs associatedOrganism Associated Organism primaryOrganism->associatedOrganism interactsWith associatedOrganism->associatedTaxon classifiedAs

In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type.

The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc, is 86.1MiB in size and contains 120,434 interaction with 2 unique types of associations (e.g., interactsWith) between 5,379 primary taxon (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,236 associated taxon (e.g., Salix).

An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found in csv and tsv archives. To facilitate discovery, the first 500 claims available on the html page at indexed-interactions.html are shown below.

The exhaustive list was used to create the following data summaries below.

Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation
Anthophora (Heliophila) phenax interactsWith Lycium berlandieri 1721fbd3-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Megachile (Xanthosarus) mucida interactsWith Tephrosia virginiana 172203a5-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Andrena (Larandrena) miserabilis interactsWith Prunus 172204ef-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Protandrena (Pterosarus) albitarsus innuptus interactsWith Gaillardia 17220e48-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent)
interactionTypeName count
interactsWith 120389
adjacentTo 45
Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName count
Eucerini 3877
Colletes 1871
Perdita 1569
Bombus 1483
Ceratina 1373
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) 1148
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) tristis 1143
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis 1068
Ashmeadiella 956
Megachile 954
Nomada 869
Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus 858
Andrena (Andrena) 817
Augochlorella persimilis 777
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis 769
Augochlora 743
Osmia 656
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis 653
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) coreopsis 652
Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
targetTaxonName count
Salix 3389
Cucurbita foetidissima 2747
Helianthus annuus 2338
Helianthus petiolaris 2268
Gaillardia 2027
Larrea tridentata 1715
Prosopis 1415
Sphaeralcea 1375
Opuntia 1364
Helianthus 1283
Eucalyptus 1117
Phacelia 1104
Melilotus officinalis 1062
Heterotheca subaxillaris 1025
Melilotus alba 962
Cleome serrulata 938
Aster 896
Cassia 841
Vaccinium 841
Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita foetidissima 2598
Bombus interactsWith Vaccinium 689
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis interactsWith Salix 653
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis interactsWith Salix 619
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita 554
Abroteles beaumonti interactsWith Nasutitermes peruanus 533
Perdita (Perdita) sexmaculata interactsWith Quincula lobata 446
Perdita (Pygoperdita) nevadensis nevadensis interactsWith Holodiscus discolor 393
Perdita (Cockerellia) albipennis albipennis interactsWith Helianthus petiolaris 388
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita digitata 367
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis interactsWith Helianthus annuus 352
Augochlorella persimilis interactsWith Aster 335
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata flavens interactsWith Cleome serrulata 332
Euryglossina (Euryglossina) fuscescens interactsWith Eucalyptus tereticornis 309
Perdita (Perdita) gerhardi dallasiana interactsWith Monarda citriodora 305
Chelonus interactsWith Cassia 301
Perdita (Cockerellia) coreopsidis obscurior interactsWith Gaillardia 290
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata zebrata interactsWith Cleome serrulata 287
Perdita (Perdita) wilmattae miricornis interactsWith Stanleya pinnata 267

Interaction Networks

The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. It is important to note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically using the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data.

interactions Animalia Animalia Animalia->Animalia Chromista Chromista Animalia->Chromista Fungi Fungi Animalia->Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia->Plantae Fungi->Plantae Plantae->Animalia Plantae->Fungi Plantae->Plantae
interactions Acrididae Acrididae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acrididae->Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Acrididae->Poaceae Asteraceae->Asteraceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Asteraceae->Anacardiaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae->Apiaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asteraceae->Asparagaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Asteraceae->Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae->Brassicaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae->Cactaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae->Crassulaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Asteraceae->Ericaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae->Fabaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Asteraceae->Geraniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Asteraceae->Hydrophyllaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae->Lamiaceae Limnanthaceae Limnanthaceae Asteraceae->Limnanthaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae->Malvaceae Namaceae Namaceae Asteraceae->Namaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Asteraceae->Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae->Orchidaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Asteraceae->Orobanchaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Asteraceae->Plantaginaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae->Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Asteraceae->Ranunculaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Asteraceae->Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Asteraceae->Salicaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae->Solanaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae->Acanthaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Asteraceae->Oxalidaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Asteraceae->Polemoniaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Asteraceae->Primulaceae Psilostomidae Psilostomidae Asteraceae->Psilostomidae Violaceae Violaceae Asteraceae->Violaceae Phrymaceae Phrymaceae Asteraceae->Phrymaceae Ampulicidae Ampulicidae Tingidae Tingidae Ampulicidae->Tingidae Andrenidae Andrenidae Andrenidae->Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Andrenidae->Amaranthaceae Andrenidae->Anacardiaceae Andrenidae->Apiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Andrenidae->Apocynaceae Andrenidae->Asparagaceae Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Boraginaceae Andrenidae->Brassicaceae Andrenidae->Cactaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Andrenidae->Campanulaceae Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Andrenidae->Cleomaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Andrenidae->Combretaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Andrenidae->Convolvulaceae Cornaceae Cornaceae Andrenidae->Cornaceae Andrenidae->Crassulaceae Andrenidae->Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Fabaceae Andrenidae->Geraniaceae Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae Andrenidae->Heliotropiaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Andrenidae->Hydrangeaceae Hydroleaceae Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Andrenidae->Iridaceae Andrenidae->Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Andrenidae->Lentibulariaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Andrenidae->Liliaceae Andrenidae->Limnanthaceae Loasaceae Loasaceae Andrenidae->Loasaceae Andrenidae->Malvaceae Andrenidae->Namaceae Not assigned Not assigned Andrenidae->Not assigned Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Onagraceae Andrenidae->Orchidaceae Andrenidae->Orobanchaceae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Andrenidae->Papaveraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Andrenidae->Passifloraceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Andrenidae->Pinaceae Andrenidae->Plantaginaceae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygonaceae Pontederiaceae Pontederiaceae Andrenidae->Pontederiaceae Andrenidae->Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Andrenidae->Rhamnaceae Andrenidae->Rosaceae Andrenidae->Salicaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Andrenidae->Sapindaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Andrenidae->Scrophulariaceae Andrenidae->Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae Andrenidae->Tamaricaceae Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae Andrenidae->Thelypteridaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Andrenidae->Verbenaceae Viburnaceae Viburnaceae Andrenidae->Viburnaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Andrenidae->Zygophyllaceae Salicaceae->Fabaceae Scrophulariaceae->Cornaceae Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Scrophulariaceae->Heliconiaceae Anobiidae Anobiidae Anobiidae->Cactaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Anobiidae->Fagaceae Anthicidae Anthicidae Anthicidae->Poaceae Anthicidae->Asparagaceae Anthicidae->Bignoniaceae Anthicidae->Convolvulaceae Anthicidae->Fabaceae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae->Asteraceae Anthocoridae->Tingidae Anthocoridae->Anacardiaceae Anthocoridae->Cornaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnaceae Anthocoridae->Elaeagnaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Anthocoridae->Magnoliaceae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae->Asteraceae Anthribidae Anthribidae Anthribidae->Asteraceae Moraceae Moraceae Anthribidae->Moraceae Xylariaceae Xylariaceae Anthribidae->Xylariaceae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae->Magnoliaceae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae->Asteraceae Apidae Apidae Apidae->Asteraceae Apidae->Poaceae Apidae->Andrenidae Apidae->Amaranthaceae Apidae->Anacardiaceae Apidae->Apiaceae Apidae->Apocynaceae Apidae->Asparagaceae Apidae->Bignoniaceae Apidae->Boraginaceae Apidae->Brassicaceae Apidae->Cactaceae Apidae->Campanulaceae Apidae->Cleomaceae Apidae->Combretaceae Apidae->Convolvulaceae Apidae->Cornaceae Apidae->Crassulaceae Apidae->Ericaceae Apidae->Euphorbiaceae Apidae->Fabaceae Apidae->Geraniaceae Apidae->Heliotropiaceae Apidae->Hydrangeaceae Apidae->Hydrophyllaceae Apidae->Iridaceae Apidae->Lamiaceae Apidae->Liliaceae Apidae->Limnanthaceae Apidae->Loasaceae Apidae->Malvaceae Apidae->Namaceae Apidae->Not assigned Apidae->Nyctaginaceae Apidae->Onagraceae Apidae->Orchidaceae Apidae->Orobanchaceae Apidae->Papaveraceae Apidae->Passifloraceae Apidae->Plantaginaceae Apidae->Polygalaceae Apidae->Polygonaceae Apidae->Pontederiaceae Apidae->Ranunculaceae Apidae->Rhamnaceae Apidae->Rosaceae Apidae->Salicaceae Apidae->Sapindaceae Apidae->Scrophulariaceae Apidae->Solanaceae Apidae->Tamaricaceae Apidae->Verbenaceae Apidae->Viburnaceae Apidae->Zygophyllaceae Apidae->Fagaceae Apidae->Elaeagnaceae Apidae->Acanthaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Apidae->Amaryllidaceae Araceae Araceae Apidae->Araceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Apidae->Arecaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Apidae->Asphodelaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Apidae->Berberidaceae Bixaceae Bixaceae Apidae->Bixaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Apidae->Bromeliaceae Burseraceae Burseraceae Apidae->Burseraceae Calceolariaceae Calceolariaceae Apidae->Calceolariaceae Capparaceae Capparaceae Apidae->Capparaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Apidae->Caprifoliaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Apidae->Caryophyllaceae Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Apidae->Casuarinaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae Apidae->Cistaceae Clethraceae Clethraceae Apidae->Clethraceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Apidae->Commelinaceae Cordiaceae Cordiaceae Apidae->Cordiaceae Costaceae Costaceae Apidae->Costaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Apidae->Cucurbitaceae Cyrillaceae Cyrillaceae Apidae->Cyrillaceae Diapheromeridae Diapheromeridae Apidae->Diapheromeridae Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae Apidae->Dilleniaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Apidae->Gentianaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Apidae->Gesneriaceae Graphoceratidae Graphoceratidae Apidae->Graphoceratidae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Apidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae Halictidae Apidae->Halictidae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Apidae->Hypericaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Apidae->Juncaceae Lanariaceae Lanariaceae Apidae->Lanariaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Apidae->Lauraceae Linaceae Linaceae Apidae->Linaceae Linyphiidae Linyphiidae Apidae->Linyphiidae Lythraceae Lythraceae Apidae->Lythraceae Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae Apidae->Malpighiaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Apidae->Marantaceae Martyniaceae Martyniaceae Apidae->Martyniaceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Apidae->Melastomataceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Apidae->Meliaceae Millettiidae Millettiidae Apidae->Millettiidae Muntingiaceae Muntingiaceae Apidae->Muntingiaceae Musaceae Musaceae Apidae->Musaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Apidae->Myrtaceae Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae Apidae->Nartheciaceae Nelumbonaceae Nelumbonaceae Apidae->Nelumbonaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Apidae->Oleaceae Apidae->Oxalidaceae Parkinsoniidae Parkinsoniidae Apidae->Parkinsoniidae Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae Apidae->Pedaliaceae Peraceae Peraceae Apidae->Peraceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Apidae->Phyllanthaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Apidae->Piperaceae Apidae->Polemoniaceae Apidae->Primulaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Apidae->Proteaceae Apidae->Psilostomidae Resedaceae Resedaceae Apidae->Resedaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Apidae->Rubiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Apidae->Rutaceae Sclerosomatidae Sclerosomatidae Apidae->Sclerosomatidae Staphylinidae Staphylinidae Apidae->Staphylinidae Apidae->Violaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Apidae->Vitaceae Ximeniaceae Ximeniaceae Apidae->Ximeniaceae Halictidae->Asteraceae Halictidae->Poaceae Halictidae->Amaranthaceae Halictidae->Anacardiaceae Halictidae->Apiaceae Halictidae->Apocynaceae Halictidae->Asparagaceae Halictidae->Bignoniaceae Halictidae->Boraginaceae Halictidae->Brassicaceae Halictidae->Cactaceae Halictidae->Campanulaceae Halictidae->Cleomaceae Halictidae->Combretaceae Halictidae->Convolvulaceae Halictidae->Ericaceae Halictidae->Euphorbiaceae Halictidae->Fabaceae Halictidae->Geraniaceae Halictidae->Heliotropiaceae Halictidae->Hydrangeaceae Halictidae->Hydrophyllaceae Halictidae->Iridaceae Halictidae->Lamiaceae Halictidae->Limnanthaceae Halictidae->Loasaceae Halictidae->Malvaceae Halictidae->Namaceae Halictidae->Not assigned Halictidae->Nyctaginaceae Halictidae->Onagraceae Halictidae->Orchidaceae Halictidae->Orobanchaceae Halictidae->Papaveraceae Halictidae->Passifloraceae Halictidae->Plantaginaceae Halictidae->Polygalaceae Halictidae->Polygonaceae Halictidae->Ranunculaceae Halictidae->Rhamnaceae Halictidae->Rosaceae Halictidae->Salicaceae Halictidae->Sapindaceae Halictidae->Scrophulariaceae Halictidae->Solanaceae Halictidae->Tamaricaceae Halictidae->Verbenaceae Halictidae->Zygophyllaceae Halictidae->Fagaceae Halictidae->Acanthaceae Halictidae->Amaryllidaceae Halictidae->Arecaceae Halictidae->Caryophyllaceae Halictidae->Clethraceae Halictidae->Cucurbitaceae Halictidae->Gentianaceae Halictidae->Graphoceratidae Halictidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae->Lythraceae Halictidae->Malpighiaceae Halictidae->Melastomataceae Halictidae->Muntingiaceae Halictidae->Myrtaceae Halictidae->Nartheciaceae Halictidae->Parkinsoniidae Halictidae->Peraceae Halictidae->Piperaceae Halictidae->Primulaceae Halictidae->Resedaceae Halictidae->Rubiaceae Halictidae->Violaceae Halictidae->Vitaceae Platanaceae Platanaceae Halictidae->Platanaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Halictidae->Araliaceae Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermaceae Halictidae->Cochlospermaceae Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Halictidae->Juglandaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Halictidae->Saxifragaceae Vivianiaceae Vivianiaceae Halictidae->Vivianiaceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Halictidae->Alismataceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Halictidae->Nymphaeaceae Sagittariidae Sagittariidae Halictidae->Sagittariidae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Halictidae->Aizoaceae Bunocotylidae Bunocotylidae Halictidae->Bunocotylidae Celastraceae Celastraceae Halictidae->Celastraceae Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulaceae Halictidae->Eriocaulaceae Nesomyidae Nesomyidae Halictidae->Nesomyidae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Halictidae->Portulacaceae Rapateaceae Rapateaceae Halictidae->Rapateaceae Tetrigidae Tetrigidae Halictidae->Tetrigidae Staphylinidae->Asteraceae Staphylinidae->Poaceae Staphylinidae->Tingidae Staphylinidae->Amaranthaceae Staphylinidae->Asparagaceae Staphylinidae->Bignoniaceae Staphylinidae->Cactaceae Staphylinidae->Cleomaceae Staphylinidae->Combretaceae Staphylinidae->Cornaceae Staphylinidae->Fabaceae Staphylinidae->Pinaceae Staphylinidae->Ranunculaceae Staphylinidae->Rhamnaceae Staphylinidae->Salicaceae Staphylinidae->Solanaceae Staphylinidae->Fagaceae Staphylinidae->Elaeagnaceae Staphylinidae->Xylariaceae Staphylinidae->Bromeliaceae Staphylinidae->Marantaceae Staphylinidae->Musaceae Staphylinidae->Myrtaceae Staphylinidae->Oleaceae Staphylinidae->Staphylinidae Staphylinidae->Heliconiaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Staphylinidae->Polyporaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Staphylinidae->Cupressaceae Staphylinidae->Juglandaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Staphylinidae->Urticaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Staphylinidae->Zingiberaceae Termitidae Termitidae Staphylinidae->Termitidae Rhinotermitidae Rhinotermitidae Staphylinidae->Rhinotermitidae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Staphylinidae->Balsaminaceae Aradidae Aradidae Aradidae->Cactaceae Aradidae->Xylariaceae Argidae Argidae Argidae->Salicaceae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae->Fabaceae Asilidae Asilidae Asilidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae Attelabidae Attelabidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae->Fagaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Attelabidae->Ebenaceae Baetidae Baetidae Baetidae->Asteraceae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae->Malvaceae Belostomatidae->Clethraceae Belostomatidae->Rubiaceae Bethylidae Bethylidae Bethylidae->Salicaceae Bibionidae Bibionidae Bibionidae->Moraceae Biphyllidae Biphyllidae Oecophoridae Oecophoridae Biphyllidae->Oecophoridae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae->Asteraceae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae->Cactaceae Bostrichidae->Fabaceae Bostrichidae->Moraceae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae->Malvaceae Brachyceridae->Fagaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Brachyceridae->Cyperaceae Braconidae Braconidae Braconidae->Asteraceae Braconidae->Tingidae Braconidae->Amaranthaceae Braconidae->Anacardiaceae Braconidae->Apiaceae Braconidae->Apocynaceae Braconidae->Asparagaceae Braconidae->Brassicaceae Braconidae->Cactaceae Braconidae->Cleomaceae Braconidae->Combretaceae Braconidae->Convolvulaceae Braconidae->Euphorbiaceae Braconidae->Fabaceae Braconidae->Hydrophyllaceae Braconidae->Lamiaceae Braconidae->Loasaceae Braconidae->Malvaceae Braconidae->Not assigned Braconidae->Onagraceae Braconidae->Polygonaceae Braconidae->Rosaceae Braconidae->Salicaceae Braconidae->Solanaceae Braconidae->Tamaricaceae Braconidae->Verbenaceae Braconidae->Zygophyllaceae Braconidae->Fagaceae Braconidae->Arecaceae Braconidae->Cucurbitaceae Braconidae->Primulaceae Pieridae Pieridae Braconidae->Pieridae Braconidae->Platanaceae Brentidae Brentidae Brentidae->Asteraceae Brentidae->Bignoniaceae Brentidae->Fagaceae Buprestidae Buprestidae Buprestidae->Asteraceae Buprestidae->Poaceae Buprestidae->Cactaceae Buprestidae->Cornaceae Buprestidae->Fabaceae Buprestidae->Malvaceae Buprestidae->Polygonaceae Buprestidae->Zygophyllaceae Buprestidae->Oleaceae Cantharidae Cantharidae Cantharidae->Asteraceae Cantharidae->Apiaceae Cantharidae->Cornaceae Carabidae Carabidae Carabidae->Asteraceae Carabidae->Poaceae Carabidae->Tingidae Carabidae->Asparagaceae Carabidae->Cornaceae Carabidae->Fabaceae Carabidae->Pinaceae Carabidae->Salicaceae Carabidae->Solanaceae Carabidae->Xylariaceae Carabidae->Heliconiaceae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae->Asteraceae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae->Asteraceae Cerambycidae->Amaranthaceae Cerambycidae->Apiaceae Cerambycidae->Apocynaceae Cerambycidae->Combretaceae Cerambycidae->Cornaceae Cerambycidae->Ericaceae Cerambycidae->Euphorbiaceae Cerambycidae->Fabaceae Cerambycidae->Hydrangeaceae Cerambycidae->Lamiaceae Cerambycidae->Onagraceae Cerambycidae->Pinaceae Cerambycidae->Plantaginaceae Cerambycidae->Polygonaceae Cerambycidae->Rhamnaceae Cerambycidae->Rosaceae Cerambycidae->Salicaceae Cerambycidae->Solanaceae Cerambycidae->Zygophyllaceae Cerambycidae->Moraceae Cerambycidae->Xylariaceae Cerambycidae->Acanthaceae Cerambycidae->Clethraceae Cerambycidae->Oleaceae Cerambycidae->Heliconiaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Cerambycidae->Pittosporaceae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae->Asteraceae Ceratopogonidae->Apiaceae Ceratopogonidae->Cleomaceae Ceratopogonidae->Zygophyllaceae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae->Fabaceae Cerylonidae->Pinaceae Cerylonidae->Salicaceae Cerylonidae->Polyporaceae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae->Cactaceae Chironomidae Chironomidae Chironomidae->Asteraceae Chironomidae->Anacardiaceae Chironomidae->Apiaceae Chironomidae->Brassicaceae Chironomidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysididae Chrysididae Chrysididae->Asteraceae Chrysididae->Anacardiaceae Chrysididae->Bignoniaceae Chrysididae->Convolvulaceae Chrysididae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysididae->Fabaceae Chrysididae->Orchidaceae Chrysididae->Polygonaceae Chrysididae->Salicaceae Chrysididae->Zygophyllaceae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae->Asteraceae Chrysomelidae->Tingidae Chrysomelidae->Amaranthaceae Chrysomelidae->Asparagaceae Chrysomelidae->Brassicaceae Chrysomelidae->Cactaceae Chrysomelidae->Convolvulaceae Chrysomelidae->Cornaceae Chrysomelidae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysomelidae->Fabaceae Chrysomelidae->Geraniaceae Chrysomelidae->Onagraceae Chrysomelidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysomelidae->Rosaceae Chrysomelidae->Salicaceae Chrysomelidae->Solanaceae Chrysomelidae->Tamaricaceae Chrysomelidae->Elaeagnaceae Chrysomelidae->Xylariaceae Chrysomelidae->Arecaceae Chrysomelidae->Bromeliaceae Chrysomelidae->Marantaceae Chrysomelidae->Rubiaceae Chrysomelidae->Vitaceae Chrysomelidae->Heliconiaceae Chrysomelidae->Cupressaceae Desmanthidae Desmanthidae Chrysomelidae->Desmanthidae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae->Cleomaceae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae->Asteraceae Cicadellidae->Cleomaceae Cicadidae Cicadidae Cicadidae->Asteraceae Cicadidae->Fabaceae Ciidae Ciidae Ciidae->Salicaceae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae->Cornaceae Cleridae Cleridae Cleridae->Fabaceae Cleridae->Sapindaceae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae->Asteraceae Coccinellidae->Poaceae Coccinellidae->Bignoniaceae Coccinellidae->Cleomaceae Coccinellidae->Fabaceae Coccinellidae->Malvaceae Coccinellidae->Arecaceae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae->Apiaceae Colletidae Colletidae Colletidae->Asteraceae Colletidae->Amaranthaceae Colletidae->Anacardiaceae Colletidae->Apiaceae Colletidae->Apocynaceae Colletidae->Asparagaceae Colletidae->Boraginaceae Colletidae->Brassicaceae Colletidae->Cactaceae Colletidae->Campanulaceae Colletidae->Cleomaceae Colletidae->Combretaceae Colletidae->Convolvulaceae Colletidae->Cornaceae Colletidae->Crassulaceae Colletidae->Ericaceae Colletidae->Euphorbiaceae Colletidae->Fabaceae Colletidae->Geraniaceae Colletidae->Heliotropiaceae Colletidae->Hydrophyllaceae Colletidae->Iridaceae Colletidae->Lamiaceae Colletidae->Loasaceae Colletidae->Malvaceae Colletidae->Namaceae Colletidae->Onagraceae Colletidae->Orchidaceae Colletidae->Orobanchaceae Colletidae->Papaveraceae Colletidae->Passifloraceae Colletidae->Plantaginaceae Colletidae->Polygalaceae Colletidae->Polygonaceae Colletidae->Rhamnaceae Colletidae->Rosaceae Colletidae->Salicaceae Colletidae->Sapindaceae Colletidae->Scrophulariaceae Colletidae->Solanaceae Colletidae->Tamaricaceae Colletidae->Verbenaceae Colletidae->Zygophyllaceae Colletidae->Fagaceae Colletidae->Amaryllidaceae Colletidae->Burseraceae Colletidae->Capparaceae Colletidae->Caryophyllaceae Colletidae->Clethraceae Colletidae->Cucurbitaceae Colletidae->Grossulariaceae Colletidae->Lythraceae Colletidae->Myrtaceae Colletidae->Oxalidaceae Colletidae->Parkinsoniidae Colletidae->Piperaceae Colletidae->Psilostomidae Colletidae->Rubiaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Colletidae->Aquifoliaceae Colletidae->Araliaceae Araucariaceae Araucariaceae Colletidae->Araucariaceae Champiaceae Champiaceae Colletidae->Champiaceae Colletidae->Cochlospermaceae Fouquieriaceae Fouquieriaceae Colletidae->Fouquieriaceae Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae Colletidae->Goodeniaceae Colletidae->Juglandaceae Phaseolidae Phaseolidae Colletidae->Phaseolidae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Colletidae->Sapotaceae Colletidae->Saxifragaceae Colletidae->Vivianiaceae Saxifragaceae->Asteraceae Saxifragaceae->Anacardiaceae Saxifragaceae->Asparagaceae Saxifragaceae->Cleomaceae Saxifragaceae->Cornaceae Saxifragaceae->Fabaceae Saxifragaceae->Iridaceae Saxifragaceae->Lamiaceae Saxifragaceae->Nyctaginaceae Saxifragaceae->Amaryllidaceae Saxifragaceae->Nartheciaceae Saxifragaceae->Heliconiaceae Saxifragaceae->Termitidae Coreidae Coreidae Coreidae->Cactaceae Coreidae->Xylariaceae Corixidae Corixidae Corixidae->Asteraceae Corixidae->Lamiaceae Corixidae->Malvaceae Corixidae->Polygonaceae Corixidae->Salicaceae Corixidae->Arecaceae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae Corixidae->Plumbaginaceae Corylophidae Corylophidae Corylophidae->Asparagaceae Corylophidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae Crabronidae Crabronidae->Asteraceae Crabronidae->Apocynaceae Crabronidae->Bignoniaceae Crabronidae->Cleomaceae Crabronidae->Convolvulaceae Crabronidae->Euphorbiaceae Crabronidae->Fabaceae Crabronidae->Lamiaceae Crabronidae->Not assigned Crabronidae->Polygalaceae Crabronidae->Polygonaceae Crabronidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae->Zygophyllaceae Crabronidae->Rubiaceae Crabronidae->Vitaceae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae->Cupressaceae Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae->Fabaceae Culicidae->Salicaceae Culicidae->Heliconiaceae Curculionidae Curculionidae Curculionidae->Asteraceae Curculionidae->Tingidae Curculionidae->Anacardiaceae Curculionidae->Apocynaceae Curculionidae->Brassicaceae Curculionidae->Cactaceae Curculionidae->Cleomaceae Curculionidae->Convolvulaceae Curculionidae->Cornaceae Curculionidae->Euphorbiaceae Curculionidae->Fabaceae Curculionidae->Lamiaceae Curculionidae->Loasaceae Curculionidae->Malvaceae Curculionidae->Nyctaginaceae Curculionidae->Onagraceae Curculionidae->Papaveraceae Curculionidae->Plantaginaceae Curculionidae->Polygonaceae Curculionidae->Rosaceae Curculionidae->Salicaceae Curculionidae->Scrophulariaceae Curculionidae->Solanaceae Curculionidae->Fagaceae Curculionidae->Moraceae Curculionidae->Xylariaceae Curculionidae->Bromeliaceae Curculionidae->Caprifoliaceae Curculionidae->Commelinaceae Curculionidae->Graphoceratidae Curculionidae->Lauraceae Curculionidae->Musaceae Curculionidae->Oleaceae Curculionidae->Psilostomidae Curculionidae->Alismataceae Cabombaceae Cabombaceae Curculionidae->Cabombaceae Haloragaceae Haloragaceae Curculionidae->Haloragaceae Nothofagaceae Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nymphaeaceae Curculionidae->Sagittariidae Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Curculionidae->Ulmaceae Curculionidae->Urticaceae Curculionidae->Zingiberaceae Cymidae Cymidae Cymidae->Asteraceae Dermestidae Dermestidae Dermestidae->Tingidae Dermestidae->Fabaceae Dermestidae->Pinaceae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae->Asteraceae Dryophthoridae->Poaceae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae->Asteraceae Dytiscidae->Malvaceae Dytiscidae->Amaryllidaceae Dytiscidae->Arecaceae Dytiscidae->Heliconiaceae Noteridae Noteridae Dytiscidae->Noteridae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Dytiscidae->Smilacaceae Elateridae Elateridae Elateridae->Asteraceae Elateridae->Tingidae Elateridae->Bignoniaceae Elateridae->Brassicaceae Elateridae->Pinaceae Elateridae->Rosaceae Elateridae->Salicaceae Elateridae->Tamaricaceae Elateridae->Fagaceae Elateridae->Moraceae Endomychidae Endomychidae Endomychidae->Salicaceae Endomychidae->Xylariaceae Erotylidae Erotylidae Erotylidae->Convolvulaceae Erotylidae->Xylariaceae Erotylidae->Polyporaceae Evaniidae Evaniidae Evaniidae->Asteraceae Evaniidae->Fabaceae Formicidae Formicidae Formicidae->Asteraceae Formicidae->Brassicaceae Formicidae->Malvaceae Formicidae->Marantaceae Formicidae->Heliconiaceae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae->Brassicaceae Gryllidae Gryllidae Gryllidae->Asteraceae Gryllidae->Fabaceae Gryllidae->Salicaceae Helophoridae Helophoridae Helophoridae->Amaryllidaceae Herpotrichiellaceae Herpotrichiellaceae Herpotrichiellaceae->Cleomaceae Histeridae Histeridae Histeridae->Asteraceae Histeridae->Tingidae Histeridae->Cactaceae Histeridae->Fabaceae Histeridae->Rosaceae Histeridae->Salicaceae Histeridae->Fagaceae Histeridae->Heliconiaceae Histeridae->Zingiberaceae Histeridae->Termitidae Termitidae->Termitidae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae->Xylariaceae Hybosoridae->Polyporaceae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae->Asparagaceae Hydrophilidae->Lamiaceae Hydrophilidae->Xylariaceae Hydrophilidae->Bromeliaceae Hydrophilidae->Marantaceae Hydrophilidae->Heliconiaceae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae->Poaceae Ichneumonidae->Apiaceae Ichneumonidae->Bignoniaceae Ichneumonidae->Hydrophyllaceae Ichneumonidae->Rosaceae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae->Tingidae Laemophloeidae->Fabaceae Laemophloeidae->Moraceae Lampyridae Lampyridae Lampyridae->Asteraceae Lampyridae->Apiaceae Lampyridae->Cactaceae Latridiidae Latridiidae Latridiidae->Tingidae Latridiidae->Asparagaceae Latridiidae->Cornaceae Latridiidae->Rosaceae Latridiidae->Salicaceae Leiodidae Leiodidae Leiodidae->Asteraceae Leiodidae->Solanaceae Leiodidae->Polyporaceae Leucospidae Leucospidae Leucospidae->Asteraceae Leucospidae->Fabaceae Leucospidae->Salicaceae Lycidae Lycidae Lycidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae->Apocynaceae Mantispidae Mantispidae Mantispidae->Lamiaceae Mantispidae->Sapindaceae Masaridae Masaridae Masaridae->Asteraceae Megachilidae Megachilidae Megachilidae->Asteraceae Megachilidae->Poaceae Megachilidae->Amaranthaceae Megachilidae->Anacardiaceae Megachilidae->Apiaceae Megachilidae->Apocynaceae Megachilidae->Asparagaceae Megachilidae->Bignoniaceae Megachilidae->Boraginaceae Megachilidae->Brassicaceae Megachilidae->Cactaceae Megachilidae->Campanulaceae Megachilidae->Cleomaceae Megachilidae->Convolvulaceae Megachilidae->Ericaceae Megachilidae->Euphorbiaceae Megachilidae->Fabaceae Megachilidae->Geraniaceae Megachilidae->Heliotropiaceae Megachilidae->Hydrophyllaceae Megachilidae->Iridaceae Megachilidae->Lamiaceae Megachilidae->Loasaceae Megachilidae->Malvaceae Megachilidae->Namaceae Megachilidae->Nyctaginaceae Megachilidae->Onagraceae Megachilidae->Orchidaceae Megachilidae->Orobanchaceae Megachilidae->Papaveraceae Megachilidae->Plantaginaceae Megachilidae->Polygonaceae Megachilidae->Rhamnaceae Megachilidae->Rosaceae Megachilidae->Salicaceae Megachilidae->Sapindaceae Megachilidae->Scrophulariaceae Megachilidae->Solanaceae Megachilidae->Tamaricaceae Megachilidae->Verbenaceae Megachilidae->Zygophyllaceae Megachilidae->Fagaceae Megachilidae->Aphrophoridae Megachilidae->Acanthaceae Megachilidae->Amaryllidaceae Megachilidae->Berberidaceae Megachilidae->Capparaceae Megachilidae->Caryophyllaceae Megachilidae->Clethraceae Megachilidae->Commelinaceae Megachilidae->Cucurbitaceae Megachilidae->Linaceae Megachilidae->Lythraceae Megachilidae->Malpighiaceae Megachilidae->Myrtaceae Megachilidae->Nartheciaceae Megachilidae->Oxalidaceae Megachilidae->Parkinsoniidae Megachilidae->Piperaceae Megachilidae->Polemoniaceae Megachilidae->Primulaceae Megachilidae->Psilostomidae Megachilidae->Rubiaceae Megachilidae->Vivianiaceae Megachilidae->Aizoaceae Megachilidae->Nesomyidae Megachilidae->Portulacaceae Eremiaphilidae Eremiaphilidae Megachilidae->Eremiaphilidae Montiaceae Montiaceae Megachilidae->Montiaceae Tetradiclidaceae Tetradiclidaceae Megachilidae->Tetradiclidaceae Melittidae Melittidae Melittidae->Asteraceae Melittidae->Cactaceae Melittidae->Cleomaceae Melittidae->Fabaceae Melittidae->Iridaceae Melittidae->Malvaceae Melittidae->Namaceae Melittidae->Scrophulariaceae Melittidae->Zygophyllaceae Melittidae->Acanthaceae Melittidae->Lanariaceae Meloidae Meloidae Meloidae->Asteraceae Meloidae->Fabaceae Meloidae->Malvaceae Melyridae Melyridae Melyridae->Asteraceae Melyridae->Solanaceae Melyridae->Elaeagnaceae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae->Zingiberaceae Miridae Miridae Miridae->Anacardiaceae Miridae->Asparagaceae Miridae->Brassicaceae Miridae->Cleomaceae Miridae->Cornaceae Miridae->Scrophulariaceae Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae Miridae->Melanthiaceae Monotomidae Monotomidae Monotomidae->Fabaceae Monotomidae->Urticaceae Mordellidae Mordellidae Mordellidae->Asteraceae Mordellidae->Tingidae Mordellidae->Cornaceae Mordellidae->Fabaceae Mordellidae->Polygalaceae Mordellidae->Melanthiaceae Mutillidae Mutillidae Mutillidae->Asteraceae Mutillidae->Fabaceae Mutillidae->Lamiaceae Mutillidae->Salicaceae Mutillidae->Nartheciaceae Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilidae->Formicidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae->Asteraceae Nitidulidae->Asparagaceae Nitidulidae->Bignoniaceae Nitidulidae->Cactaceae Nitidulidae->Fabaceae Nitidulidae->Pinaceae Nitidulidae->Rosaceae Nitidulidae->Fagaceae Nitidulidae->Moraceae Nitidulidae->Xylariaceae Nitidulidae->Polyporaceae Nitidulidae->Cupressaceae Nitidulidae->Zingiberaceae Nitidulidae->Melanthiaceae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae->Tingidae Nosodendridae->Salicaceae Notonectidae Notonectidae Notonectidae->Fabaceae Notonectidae->Arecaceae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae->Cactaceae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae Pentatomidae->Asteraceae Phalacridae Phalacridae Phalacridae->Asteraceae Phalacridae->Cactaceae Phalacridae->Onagraceae Phalacridae->Rosaceae Pompilidae Pompilidae Pompilidae->Asteraceae Pompilidae->Salicaceae Pompilidae->Verbenaceae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae->Asparagaceae Ptiliidae->Cleomaceae Ptiliidae->Apidae Ptiliidae->Bromeliaceae Ptiliidae->Marantaceae Ptiliidae->Heliconiaceae Reduviidae Reduviidae Reduviidae->Asteraceae Reduviidae->Cactaceae Reduviidae->Cornaceae Reduviidae->Fabaceae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae->Brassicaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Ericaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Fabaceae Rhinotermitidae->Rhinotermitidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae->Asteraceae Santalaceae Santalaceae Santalaceae->Xylariaceae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae->Asteraceae Scarabaeidae->Amaranthaceae Scarabaeidae->Asparagaceae Scarabaeidae->Cactaceae Scarabaeidae->Cornaceae Scarabaeidae->Iridaceae Scarabaeidae->Lamiaceae Scarabaeidae->Malvaceae Scarabaeidae->Papaveraceae Scarabaeidae->Rhamnaceae Scarabaeidae->Rosaceae Scarabaeidae->Sapindaceae Scarabaeidae->Vitaceae Scarabaeidae->Termitidae Droseraceae Droseraceae Scarabaeidae->Droseraceae Scirtidae Scirtidae Scirtidae->Plantaginaceae Sciuridae Sciuridae Sciuridae->Asparagaceae Scoliidae Scoliidae Scoliidae->Asteraceae Scoliidae->Fabaceae Scoliidae->Zygophyllaceae Scoliidae->Nartheciaceae Sialidae Sialidae Sialidae->Phrymaceae Silvanidae Silvanidae Silvanidae->Asteraceae Simuliidae Simuliidae Simuliidae->Salicaceae Simuliidae->Myrtaceae Simuliidae->Rubiaceae Sphecidae Sphecidae Sphecidae->Asteraceae Sphecidae->Bignoniaceae Sphecidae->Fabaceae Sphecidae->Lamiaceae Sphecidae->Rhamnaceae Sphecidae->Rosaceae Sphecidae->Nartheciaceae Sphingidae Sphingidae Sphingidae->Lamiaceae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae->Myrtaceae Syrphidae Syrphidae Syrphidae->Asteraceae Syrphidae->Apiaceae Syrphidae->Brassicaceae Syrphidae->Cactaceae Syrphidae->Orchidaceae Syrphidae->Rhamnaceae Syrphidae->Rosaceae Syrphidae->Salicaceae Tabanidae Tabanidae Tabanidae->Asteraceae Tabanidae->Tingidae Tabanidae->Iridaceae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae->Tingidae Tenebrionidae->Cactaceae Tenebrionidae->Cornaceae Tenebrionidae->Salicaceae Tenebrionidae->Moraceae Tenebrionidae->Xylariaceae Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae->Rubiaceae Tephritidae Tephritidae Tephritidae->Asteraceae Teredidae Teredidae Teredidae->Cactaceae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae->Xylariaceae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae->Asparagaceae Tettigoniidae->Arecaceae Tettigoniidae->Zingiberaceae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae->Cactaceae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae->Asteraceae Thyreocoridae->Rosaceae Thyrididae Thyrididae Thyrididae->Rhamnaceae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae->Asteraceae Tiphiidae->Anacardiaceae Tiphiidae->Bignoniaceae Tiphiidae->Brassicaceae Tiphiidae->Euphorbiaceae Tiphiidae->Fabaceae Tiphiidae->Lamiaceae Tiphiidae->Malvaceae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae->Tingidae Trogossitidae->Asparagaceae Trogossitidae->Fabaceae Trogossitidae->Salicaceae Trogossitidae->Moraceae Trogossitidae->Xylariaceae Vespidae Vespidae Vespidae->Asteraceae Vespidae->Tingidae Vespidae->Amaranthaceae Vespidae->Anacardiaceae Vespidae->Apiaceae Vespidae->Asparagaceae Vespidae->Bignoniaceae Vespidae->Boraginaceae Vespidae->Brassicaceae Vespidae->Cactaceae Vespidae->Convolvulaceae Vespidae->Fabaceae Vespidae->Geraniaceae Vespidae->Lamiaceae Vespidae->Malvaceae Vespidae->Namaceae Vespidae->Not assigned Vespidae->Onagraceae Vespidae->Polygalaceae Vespidae->Polygonaceae Vespidae->Ranunculaceae Vespidae->Rhamnaceae Vespidae->Rosaceae Vespidae->Salicaceae Vespidae->Solanaceae Vespidae->Verbenaceae Vespidae->Acanthaceae Vespidae->Musaceae Vespidae->Vitaceae Zopheridae Zopheridae Zopheridae->Pinaceae

You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv

Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email.

Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website.

Taxonomic Alignment

As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col, ncbi, discoverlife, gbif, itis, wfo, mdd, tpt, pbdb, and worms). These alignments can help review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource.

Sample of Name Alignments
providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName
Abedus dilatatus HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abedus dilatatus
Abies HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abies
Abronia HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abronia
Abronia latifolia HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abronia latifolia
Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row.
resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count
col NA 541
col class 1
col family 130
col form 1
col genus 1045
col order 9
col section 1
col species 3192
col subfamily 29
col subgenus 17
col subspecies 162
col subterclass 1
col subtribe 4
col superfamily 7
col tribe 23
col variety 70
discoverlife NA 4452
discoverlife species 672
gbif NA 299
gbif class 1
gbif family 139
gbif form 1
gbif genus 1089
gbif order 9
gbif species 3415
gbif subspecies 225
gbif variety 106
itis NA 1105
itis class 1
itis family 133
itis genus 933
itis infraorder 1
itis order 10
itis species 2715
itis subfamily 40
itis subgenus 1
itis suborder 2
itis subspecies 72
itis superfamily 7
itis superorder 2
itis tribe 19
itis variety 90
mdd NA 5123
ncbi NA 1460
ncbi clade 1
ncbi class 1
ncbi cohort 1
ncbi family 128
ncbi genus 1015
ncbi infraorder 1
ncbi order 10
ncbi section 2
ncbi species 2388
ncbi species group 1
ncbi subfamily 54
ncbi subgenus 31
ncbi suborder 2
ncbi subspecies 15
ncbi subtribe 1
ncbi superfamily 7
ncbi superorder 1
ncbi tribe 20
ncbi varietas 12
pbdb NA 4467
pbdb class 2
pbdb family 136
pbdb genus 381
pbdb infraclass 1
pbdb infraorder 1
pbdb order 12
pbdb species 42
pbdb subfamily 56
pbdb suborder 5
pbdb subtribe 3
pbdb superfamily 7
pbdb tribe 23
pbdb unranked clade 3
tpt NA 5115
tpt genus 6
tpt order 1
tpt species 1
wfo NA 2092
wfo family 47
wfo genus 649
wfo section 1
wfo species 2243
wfo subfamily 1
wfo subspecies 74
wfo variety 64
worms NA 3941
worms family 97
worms genus 427
worms order 9
worms species 601
worms subclass 1
worms subfamily 5
worms suborder 2
worms subspecies 20
worms subterclass 1
worms subtribe 2
worms superfamily 1
worms tribe 6
worms variety 24
Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type “NONE” means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. “SAME_AS” indicates either a “HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME” or “SYNONYM_OF” name relationship type. We recognize that “SYNONYM_OF” encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies (ICZN 1999) (e.g., junior synonym, senior synonyms).
resolvedCatalogName relationName count
col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 7522
col SYNONYM_OF 1924
col NONE 639
discoverlife NONE 7914
discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 630
discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 21
discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 116
gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 9816
gbif SYNONYM_OF 3127
gbif NONE 312
itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 6950
itis NONE 1202
itis SYNONYM_OF 658
mdd NONE 8613
ncbi NONE 1555
ncbi SAME_AS 8085
ncbi SYNONYM_OF 328
pbdb NONE 5886
pbdb HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2728
pbdb SYNONYM_OF 48
tpt NONE 8605
tpt HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 8
wfo NONE 5323
wfo HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2626
wfo HAS_UNCHECKED_NAME 330
wfo SYNONYM_OF 966
worms NONE 6310
worms HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2028
worms SYNONYM_OF 672
List of Available Name Alignment Reports
catalog name alignment results
col associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
ncbi associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
discoverlife associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
gbif associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
itis associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
wfo associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
mdd associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
tpt associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
pbdb associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)
worms associated names alignments (first 500, full csv/tsv)

Additional Reviews

Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below.

First few lines in the review notes.
reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment
2024-12-26T18:53:19Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2024-12-26T18:53:19Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2024-12-26T18:53:19Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2024-12-26T18:53:19Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]

In addtion, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below.

Most frequently occurring review notes, if any.
reviewComment count
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid] 5
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3630] not valid] 1
found invalid location: [range of longitude [3452.516] not valid] 1
found unsupported interaction type with name: [attacked by] 1

For addition information on review notes, please have a look at the first 500 Review Notes or the download full csv or tsv archives.

GloBI Review Badge

As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review.

review review 💬 💬

Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data.

GloBI Index Badge

If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products.

Picture of a GloBI Index Badge

If you’d like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit [GloBI’s dataset index ^[At time of writing (2024-12-26) the version of the GloBI dataset index was available at https://globalbioticinteractions.org/datasets for badge examples.

Discussion

This review aims to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid in understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, it is important to note that this review does not assess the quality of the dataset. Instead, it serves as an indication of the open-ness5 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The current Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and a more quantitative approach can be implemented with specified measurement units.

This report also showcases the reuse of machine-actionable (meta)data, something highly recommended by the FAIR Data Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016). Making (meta)data machine-actionable enables more precise procesing by computers, enabling even naive review bots like Nomer and Elton to interpret the data effectively. This capability is crucial for not just automating the generation of reports, but also for facilitating seamless data exchanges, promoting interoperability.

Acknowledgements

We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities.

Author contributions

Nomer was responsible for name alignments. Elton carried out dataset extraction, and generated the review notes.

References

ICZN. 1999. “International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.” The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/.
Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. “Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets.” Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.
Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. “WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8176978.
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.