A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc

By Nomer and Elton, two naive review bots.

2023-09-28

Abstract

Life on earth is sustained by complex interactions between organisms and their environment. These biotic interactions can be captured in datasets and published digitally. We describe a review process of such an openly accessible digital interaction datasets of known origin, and discuss their outcome. The dataset under review (aka globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc) contains 120,010 interactions with 2 (e.g., interactsWith) unique types of associations between 5,326 primary taxa (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,223 associated taxa (e.g., Salix). The report includes detailed summaries of interactions data as well as a taxonomic review from multiple perspectives.

Introduction

Data Review

Data review can be a time consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate data review of species interaction claims made in datasets registered with Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014). The review includes summary statistics of, and observations about, the dataset under review:

University of Kansas Natural History Museum https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/a9c7cb81050eef68b4428667206a219da458f517.zip 2023-09-23T04:11:48.901Z 2af46dc3e7ffef08e376a516f9c35ff4246428ced3686119f2eaba6645aa8506

Methods

The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston, Elton, Nomer combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head.

Tools used in this review process
tool name version
elton 0.12.7
nomer 0.5.5
mlr 6.0.0
pandoc 3.1.6.1

The review process can be described in the form of a script:

# get versioned copy of the dataset under review 
elton pull globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc

# generate review notes
elton review globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 > review.tsv

# export indexed interaction records
elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 > interactions.tsv

# export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer 
elton names globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc\
 | nomer append col\
 > name-alignment.tsv

or visually, in a process diagram.

review origin dataset origin elton Elton (a naive review bot) elton->origin pull (1) interactions indexed interactions elton->interactions generates (2) alignment name alignments nomer Nomer (a naive review bot) nomer->interactions extract names (3) nomer->alignment generates (5) catalog name catalog nomer->catalog uses (4)

You can find a recent copy of the full review script at check-data.sh.

Results

In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 1. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided.

Biotic Interactions

model primaryTaxon Primary Taxon associatedTaxon Associated Taxon primaryOrganism Primary Organism primaryOrganism->primaryTaxon classifiedAs associatedOrganism Associated Organism primaryOrganism->associatedOrganism interactsWith associatedOrganism->associatedTaxon classifiedAs

In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type.

The dataset under review (aka globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc) contains 120,010 interactions with 2 (e.g., interactsWith) unique types of associations between 5,326 primary taxa (e.g., Eucerini) and 3,223 associated taxa (e.g., Salix).

An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found at indexed-interactions (csv/tsv/html). The list was used to create the following data summaries.

Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation
Anthophora (Heliophila) phenax interactsWith Lycium berlandieri 1721fbd3-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Megachile (Xanthosarus) mucida interactsWith Tephrosia virginiana 172203a5-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Andrena (Larandrena) miserabilis interactsWith Prunus 172204ef-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Protandrena (Pterosarus) albitarsus innuptus interactsWith Gaillardia 17220e48-1ed6-11e3-bfac-90b11c41863e
Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent)
interactionTypeName count
interactsWith 119965
adjacentTo 45
Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName count
Eucerini 3877
Colletes 1870
Perdita 1562
Bombus 1483
Ceratina 1372
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) tristis 1143
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) 1103
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis 1068
Ashmeadiella 927
Megachile 924
Nomada 869
Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus 858
Andrena (Andrena) 817
Augochlorella persimilis 777
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis 769
Augochlora 743
Osmia 656
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis 653
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) coreopsis 652
Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
targetTaxonName count
Salix 3389
Cucurbita foetidissima 2747
Helianthus annuus 2337
Helianthus petiolaris 2268
Gaillardia 2027
Larrea tridentata 1713
Prosopis 1415
Sphaeralcea 1375
Opuntia 1351
Helianthus 1283
Eucalyptus 1117
Phacelia 1104
Melilotus officinalis 1062
Heterotheca subaxillaris 1025
Melilotus alba 962
Cleome serrulata 904
Aster 896
Vaccinium 841
Cassia 840
Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent)
sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita foetidissima 2598
Bombus interactsWith Vaccinium 689
Perdita (Perdita) salicis imperialis interactsWith Salix 653
Andrena (Micrandrena) illinoiensis interactsWith Salix 619
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita 554
Abroteles beaumonti interactsWith Nasutitermes peruanus 533
Perdita (Perdita) sexmaculata interactsWith Quincula lobata 446
Perdita (Pygoperdita) nevadensis nevadensis interactsWith Holodiscus discolor 393
Perdita (Cockerellia) albipennis albipennis interactsWith Helianthus petiolaris 388
Eucerini interactsWith Cucurbita digitata 367
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis interactsWith Helianthus annuus 352
Augochlorella persimilis interactsWith Aster 335
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata flavens interactsWith Cleome serrulata 332
Euryglossina (Euryglossina) fuscescens interactsWith Eucalyptus tereticornis 309
Perdita (Perdita) gerhardi dallasiana interactsWith Monarda citriodora 305
Chelonus interactsWith Cassia 301
Perdita (Cockerellia) coreopsidis obscurior interactsWith Gaillardia 290
Perdita (Perdita) zebrata zebrata interactsWith Cleome serrulata 287
Perdita (Perdita) wilmattae miricornis interactsWith Stanleya pinnata 267

Interaction Networks

The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. Note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically via the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data.

interactions Animalia Animalia Animalia->Animalia Chromista Chromista Animalia->Chromista Fungi Fungi Animalia->Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia->Plantae Plantae->Animalia Plantae->Fungi Plantae->Plantae
interactions Acrididae Acrididae Asteraceae Asteraceae Acrididae->Asteraceae Poaceae Poaceae Acrididae->Poaceae Asteraceae->Asteraceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Asteraceae->Apiaceae Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Asteraceae->Asparagaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Asteraceae->Boraginaceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Asteraceae->Brassicaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Asteraceae->Cactaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae->Crassulaceae Ericaceae Ericaceae Asteraceae->Ericaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Asteraceae->Fabaceae Geraniaceae Geraniaceae Asteraceae->Geraniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Asteraceae->Hydrophyllaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae->Lamiaceae Limnanthaceae Limnanthaceae Asteraceae->Limnanthaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Asteraceae->Malvaceae Namaceae Namaceae Asteraceae->Namaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Asteraceae->Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Asteraceae->Orchidaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Asteraceae->Orobanchaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Asteraceae->Plantaginaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Asteraceae->Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Asteraceae->Ranunculaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Asteraceae->Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Asteraceae->Salicaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Asteraceae->Solanaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae->Acanthaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Asteraceae->Oxalidaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Asteraceae->Polemoniaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Asteraceae->Primulaceae Psilostomidae Psilostomidae Asteraceae->Psilostomidae Violaceae Violaceae Asteraceae->Violaceae Phrymaceae Phrymaceae Asteraceae->Phrymaceae Ampulicidae Ampulicidae Tingidae Tingidae Ampulicidae->Tingidae Andrenidae Andrenidae Andrenidae->Asteraceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Andrenidae->Amaranthaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Andrenidae->Anacardiaceae Andrenidae->Apiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Andrenidae->Apocynaceae Andrenidae->Asparagaceae Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Bignoniaceae Andrenidae->Boraginaceae Andrenidae->Brassicaceae Andrenidae->Cactaceae Campanulaceae Campanulaceae Andrenidae->Campanulaceae Cleomaceae Cleomaceae Andrenidae->Cleomaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Andrenidae->Combretaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Andrenidae->Convolvulaceae Cornaceae Cornaceae Andrenidae->Cornaceae Andrenidae->Crassulaceae Andrenidae->Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Euphorbiaceae Andrenidae->Fabaceae Andrenidae->Geraniaceae Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae Andrenidae->Heliotropiaceae Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae Andrenidae->Hydrangeaceae Hydroleaceae Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydroleaceae Andrenidae->Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Andrenidae->Iridaceae Andrenidae->Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Andrenidae->Lentibulariaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Andrenidae->Liliaceae Andrenidae->Limnanthaceae Loasaceae Loasaceae Andrenidae->Loasaceae Andrenidae->Malvaceae Andrenidae->Namaceae Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae Andrenidae->Nartheciaceae Not assigned Not assigned Andrenidae->Not assigned Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Nyctaginaceae Andrenidae->Onagraceae Andrenidae->Orchidaceae Andrenidae->Orobanchaceae Papaveraceae Papaveraceae Andrenidae->Papaveraceae Passifloraceae Passifloraceae Andrenidae->Passifloraceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Andrenidae->Pinaceae Andrenidae->Plantaginaceae Polygalaceae Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygalaceae Andrenidae->Polygonaceae Pontederiaceae Pontederiaceae Andrenidae->Pontederiaceae Andrenidae->Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Andrenidae->Rhamnaceae Andrenidae->Rosaceae Andrenidae->Salicaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Andrenidae->Sapindaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Andrenidae->Scrophulariaceae Andrenidae->Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Tamaricaceae Andrenidae->Tamaricaceae Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae Andrenidae->Thelypteridaceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Andrenidae->Verbenaceae Viburnaceae Viburnaceae Andrenidae->Viburnaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae Andrenidae->Zygophyllaceae Salicaceae->Fabaceae Scrophulariaceae->Cornaceae Heliconiaceae Heliconiaceae Scrophulariaceae->Heliconiaceae Anobiidae Anobiidae Anobiidae->Cactaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Anobiidae->Fagaceae Anthicidae Anthicidae Anthicidae->Asteraceae Anthicidae->Asparagaceae Anthicidae->Bignoniaceae Anthicidae->Convolvulaceae Anthicidae->Fabaceae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae Anthocoridae->Asteraceae Anthocoridae->Tingidae Anthocoridae->Anacardiaceae Anthocoridae->Cornaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnaceae Anthocoridae->Elaeagnaceae Magnoliaceae Magnoliaceae Anthocoridae->Magnoliaceae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae Anthomyiidae->Asteraceae Anthribidae Anthribidae Anthribidae->Asteraceae Moraceae Moraceae Anthribidae->Moraceae Xylariaceae Xylariaceae Anthribidae->Xylariaceae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae Aphalaridae->Magnoliaceae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae Aphrophoridae->Asteraceae Apidae Apidae Apidae->Asteraceae Apidae->Poaceae Apidae->Andrenidae Apidae->Amaranthaceae Apidae->Anacardiaceae Apidae->Apiaceae Apidae->Apocynaceae Apidae->Asparagaceae Apidae->Bignoniaceae Apidae->Boraginaceae Apidae->Brassicaceae Apidae->Cactaceae Apidae->Campanulaceae Apidae->Cleomaceae Apidae->Combretaceae Apidae->Convolvulaceae Apidae->Cornaceae Apidae->Crassulaceae Apidae->Ericaceae Apidae->Euphorbiaceae Apidae->Fabaceae Apidae->Geraniaceae Apidae->Heliotropiaceae Apidae->Hydrangeaceae Apidae->Hydrophyllaceae Apidae->Iridaceae Apidae->Lamiaceae Apidae->Liliaceae Apidae->Limnanthaceae Apidae->Loasaceae Apidae->Malvaceae Apidae->Namaceae Apidae->Nartheciaceae Apidae->Not assigned Apidae->Nyctaginaceae Apidae->Onagraceae Apidae->Orchidaceae Apidae->Orobanchaceae Apidae->Papaveraceae Apidae->Passifloraceae Apidae->Plantaginaceae Apidae->Polygalaceae Apidae->Polygonaceae Apidae->Pontederiaceae Apidae->Ranunculaceae Apidae->Rhamnaceae Apidae->Rosaceae Apidae->Salicaceae Apidae->Sapindaceae Apidae->Scrophulariaceae Apidae->Solanaceae Apidae->Tamaricaceae Apidae->Verbenaceae Apidae->Viburnaceae Apidae->Zygophyllaceae Apidae->Fagaceae Apidae->Elaeagnaceae Apidae->Acanthaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Apidae->Amaryllidaceae Araceae Araceae Apidae->Araceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Apidae->Arecaceae Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae Apidae->Asphodelaceae Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Apidae->Berberidaceae Bixaceae Bixaceae Apidae->Bixaceae Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Apidae->Bromeliaceae Burseraceae Burseraceae Apidae->Burseraceae Calceolariaceae Calceolariaceae Apidae->Calceolariaceae Capparaceae Capparaceae Apidae->Capparaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Apidae->Caprifoliaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Apidae->Caryophyllaceae Casuarinaceae Casuarinaceae Apidae->Casuarinaceae Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanaceae Apidae->Chrysobalanaceae Cistaceae Cistaceae Apidae->Cistaceae Clethraceae Clethraceae Apidae->Clethraceae Commelinaceae Commelinaceae Apidae->Commelinaceae Cordiaceae Cordiaceae Apidae->Cordiaceae Costaceae Costaceae Apidae->Costaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Apidae->Cucurbitaceae Cyrillaceae Cyrillaceae Apidae->Cyrillaceae Diapheromeridae Diapheromeridae Apidae->Diapheromeridae Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae Apidae->Dilleniaceae Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Apidae->Gentianaceae Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Apidae->Gesneriaceae Graphoceratidae Graphoceratidae Apidae->Graphoceratidae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Apidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae Halictidae Apidae->Halictidae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Apidae->Hypericaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Apidae->Juncaceae Lanariaceae Lanariaceae Apidae->Lanariaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Apidae->Lauraceae Linaceae Linaceae Apidae->Linaceae Linyphiidae Linyphiidae Apidae->Linyphiidae Lythraceae Lythraceae Apidae->Lythraceae Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae Apidae->Malpighiaceae Marantaceae Marantaceae Apidae->Marantaceae Martyniaceae Martyniaceae Apidae->Martyniaceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Apidae->Melastomataceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Apidae->Meliaceae Millettiidae Millettiidae Apidae->Millettiidae Muntingiaceae Muntingiaceae Apidae->Muntingiaceae Musaceae Musaceae Apidae->Musaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Apidae->Myrtaceae Nelumbonaceae Nelumbonaceae Apidae->Nelumbonaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Apidae->Oleaceae Apidae->Oxalidaceae Parkinsoniidae Parkinsoniidae Apidae->Parkinsoniidae Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae Apidae->Pedaliaceae Peraceae Peraceae Apidae->Peraceae Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae Apidae->Phyllanthaceae Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae Apidae->Phytolaccaceae Piperaceae Piperaceae Apidae->Piperaceae Apidae->Polemoniaceae Apidae->Primulaceae Proteaceae Proteaceae Apidae->Proteaceae Apidae->Psilostomidae Resedaceae Resedaceae Apidae->Resedaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Apidae->Rubiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Apidae->Rutaceae Sclerosomatidae Sclerosomatidae Apidae->Sclerosomatidae Staphylinidae Staphylinidae Apidae->Staphylinidae Apidae->Violaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Apidae->Vitaceae Ximeniaceae Ximeniaceae Apidae->Ximeniaceae Halictidae->Asteraceae Halictidae->Poaceae Halictidae->Amaranthaceae Halictidae->Anacardiaceae Halictidae->Apiaceae Halictidae->Apocynaceae Halictidae->Asparagaceae Halictidae->Bignoniaceae Halictidae->Boraginaceae Halictidae->Brassicaceae Halictidae->Cactaceae Halictidae->Campanulaceae Halictidae->Cleomaceae Halictidae->Combretaceae Halictidae->Convolvulaceae Halictidae->Ericaceae Halictidae->Euphorbiaceae Halictidae->Fabaceae Halictidae->Geraniaceae Halictidae->Heliotropiaceae Halictidae->Hydrangeaceae Halictidae->Hydrophyllaceae Halictidae->Iridaceae Halictidae->Lamiaceae Halictidae->Limnanthaceae Halictidae->Loasaceae Halictidae->Malvaceae Halictidae->Namaceae Halictidae->Nartheciaceae Halictidae->Not assigned Halictidae->Nyctaginaceae Halictidae->Onagraceae Halictidae->Orchidaceae Halictidae->Orobanchaceae Halictidae->Papaveraceae Halictidae->Passifloraceae Halictidae->Plantaginaceae Halictidae->Polygalaceae Halictidae->Polygonaceae Halictidae->Ranunculaceae Halictidae->Rhamnaceae Halictidae->Rosaceae Halictidae->Salicaceae Halictidae->Sapindaceae Halictidae->Scrophulariaceae Halictidae->Solanaceae Halictidae->Tamaricaceae Halictidae->Verbenaceae Halictidae->Zygophyllaceae Halictidae->Fagaceae Halictidae->Acanthaceae Halictidae->Amaryllidaceae Halictidae->Arecaceae Halictidae->Caryophyllaceae Halictidae->Clethraceae Halictidae->Cucurbitaceae Halictidae->Gentianaceae Halictidae->Graphoceratidae Halictidae->Grossulariaceae Halictidae->Lythraceae Halictidae->Malpighiaceae Halictidae->Melastomataceae Halictidae->Muntingiaceae Halictidae->Myrtaceae Halictidae->Parkinsoniidae Halictidae->Peraceae Halictidae->Piperaceae Halictidae->Primulaceae Halictidae->Resedaceae Halictidae->Rubiaceae Halictidae->Violaceae Halictidae->Vitaceae Platanaceae Platanaceae Halictidae->Platanaceae Araliaceae Araliaceae Halictidae->Araliaceae Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermaceae Halictidae->Cochlospermaceae Juglandaceae Juglandaceae Halictidae->Juglandaceae Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae Halictidae->Saxifragaceae Vivianiaceae Vivianiaceae Halictidae->Vivianiaceae Alismataceae Alismataceae Halictidae->Alismataceae Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae Halictidae->Nymphaeaceae Sagittariidae Sagittariidae Halictidae->Sagittariidae Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Halictidae->Aizoaceae Bunocotylidae Bunocotylidae Halictidae->Bunocotylidae Celastraceae Celastraceae Halictidae->Celastraceae Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulaceae Halictidae->Eriocaulaceae Nesomyidae Nesomyidae Halictidae->Nesomyidae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Halictidae->Portulacaceae Rapateaceae Rapateaceae Halictidae->Rapateaceae Tetrigidae Tetrigidae Halictidae->Tetrigidae Staphylinidae->Asteraceae Staphylinidae->Poaceae Staphylinidae->Tingidae Staphylinidae->Amaranthaceae Staphylinidae->Asparagaceae Staphylinidae->Bignoniaceae Staphylinidae->Cactaceae Staphylinidae->Cleomaceae Staphylinidae->Combretaceae Staphylinidae->Cornaceae Staphylinidae->Fabaceae Staphylinidae->Pinaceae Staphylinidae->Ranunculaceae Staphylinidae->Rhamnaceae Staphylinidae->Salicaceae Staphylinidae->Fagaceae Staphylinidae->Elaeagnaceae Staphylinidae->Xylariaceae Staphylinidae->Bromeliaceae Staphylinidae->Marantaceae Staphylinidae->Musaceae Staphylinidae->Myrtaceae Staphylinidae->Oleaceae Staphylinidae->Staphylinidae Staphylinidae->Heliconiaceae Polyporaceae Polyporaceae Staphylinidae->Polyporaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Staphylinidae->Cupressaceae Staphylinidae->Juglandaceae Urticaceae Urticaceae Staphylinidae->Urticaceae Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae Staphylinidae->Zingiberaceae Termitidae Termitidae Staphylinidae->Termitidae Rhinotermitidae Rhinotermitidae Staphylinidae->Rhinotermitidae Balsaminaceae Balsaminaceae Staphylinidae->Balsaminaceae Aradidae Aradidae Aradidae->Cactaceae Aradidae->Xylariaceae Argidae Argidae Argidae->Salicaceae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae Ascalaphidae->Fabaceae Asilidae Asilidae Asilidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae Attelabidae Attelabidae->Asteraceae Attelabidae->Fagaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Attelabidae->Ebenaceae Baetidae Baetidae Baetidae->Asteraceae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae Belostomatidae->Malvaceae Belostomatidae->Clethraceae Belostomatidae->Rubiaceae Bethylidae Bethylidae Bethylidae->Salicaceae Bibionidae Bibionidae Bibionidae->Moraceae Biphyllidae Biphyllidae Oecophoridae Oecophoridae Biphyllidae->Oecophoridae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae Bombyliidae->Asteraceae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae Bostrichidae->Cactaceae Bostrichidae->Fabaceae Bostrichidae->Moraceae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae Brachyceridae->Malvaceae Brachyceridae->Fagaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Brachyceridae->Cyperaceae Braconidae Braconidae Braconidae->Asteraceae Braconidae->Tingidae Braconidae->Amaranthaceae Braconidae->Anacardiaceae Braconidae->Apiaceae Braconidae->Apocynaceae Braconidae->Asparagaceae Braconidae->Brassicaceae Braconidae->Cactaceae Braconidae->Cleomaceae Braconidae->Combretaceae Braconidae->Convolvulaceae Braconidae->Euphorbiaceae Braconidae->Fabaceae Braconidae->Hydrophyllaceae Braconidae->Lamiaceae Braconidae->Loasaceae Braconidae->Malvaceae Braconidae->Not assigned Braconidae->Onagraceae Braconidae->Polygonaceae Braconidae->Rosaceae Braconidae->Salicaceae Braconidae->Solanaceae Braconidae->Tamaricaceae Braconidae->Verbenaceae Braconidae->Zygophyllaceae Braconidae->Fagaceae Braconidae->Arecaceae Braconidae->Cucurbitaceae Braconidae->Primulaceae Pieridae Pieridae Braconidae->Pieridae Braconidae->Platanaceae Brentidae Brentidae Brentidae->Asteraceae Brentidae->Bignoniaceae Brentidae->Fagaceae Buprestidae Buprestidae Buprestidae->Asteraceae Buprestidae->Cactaceae Buprestidae->Cornaceae Buprestidae->Fabaceae Buprestidae->Malvaceae Buprestidae->Zygophyllaceae Buprestidae->Oleaceae Cantharidae Cantharidae Cantharidae->Asteraceae Cantharidae->Apiaceae Cantharidae->Cornaceae Carabidae Carabidae Carabidae->Asteraceae Carabidae->Tingidae Carabidae->Asparagaceae Carabidae->Cornaceae Carabidae->Fabaceae Carabidae->Pinaceae Carabidae->Salicaceae Carabidae->Solanaceae Carabidae->Xylariaceae Carabidae->Heliconiaceae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae->Asteraceae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae Cerambycidae->Asteraceae Cerambycidae->Amaranthaceae Cerambycidae->Apiaceae Cerambycidae->Apocynaceae Cerambycidae->Cornaceae Cerambycidae->Ericaceae Cerambycidae->Euphorbiaceae Cerambycidae->Fabaceae Cerambycidae->Hydrangeaceae Cerambycidae->Lamiaceae Cerambycidae->Onagraceae Cerambycidae->Pinaceae Cerambycidae->Plantaginaceae Cerambycidae->Polygonaceae Cerambycidae->Rhamnaceae Cerambycidae->Rosaceae Cerambycidae->Salicaceae Cerambycidae->Solanaceae Cerambycidae->Zygophyllaceae Cerambycidae->Moraceae Cerambycidae->Xylariaceae Cerambycidae->Acanthaceae Cerambycidae->Clethraceae Cerambycidae->Oleaceae Cerambycidae->Heliconiaceae Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae Cerambycidae->Pittosporaceae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae->Asteraceae Ceratopogonidae->Apiaceae Ceratopogonidae->Cleomaceae Ceratopogonidae->Zygophyllaceae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae Cerylonidae->Fabaceae Cerylonidae->Pinaceae Cerylonidae->Salicaceae Cerylonidae->Polyporaceae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae Chelonariidae->Cactaceae Chironomidae Chironomidae Chironomidae->Asteraceae Chironomidae->Anacardiaceae Chironomidae->Apiaceae Chironomidae->Brassicaceae Chironomidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysididae Chrysididae Chrysididae->Asteraceae Chrysididae->Anacardiaceae Chrysididae->Bignoniaceae Chrysididae->Convolvulaceae Chrysididae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysididae->Fabaceae Chrysididae->Orchidaceae Chrysididae->Polygonaceae Chrysididae->Salicaceae Chrysididae->Zygophyllaceae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae Chrysomelidae->Asteraceae Chrysomelidae->Tingidae Chrysomelidae->Amaranthaceae Chrysomelidae->Asparagaceae Chrysomelidae->Brassicaceae Chrysomelidae->Cactaceae Chrysomelidae->Convolvulaceae Chrysomelidae->Cornaceae Chrysomelidae->Euphorbiaceae Chrysomelidae->Fabaceae Chrysomelidae->Geraniaceae Chrysomelidae->Onagraceae Chrysomelidae->Plantaginaceae Chrysomelidae->Rosaceae Chrysomelidae->Salicaceae Chrysomelidae->Solanaceae Chrysomelidae->Tamaricaceae Chrysomelidae->Elaeagnaceae Chrysomelidae->Xylariaceae Chrysomelidae->Arecaceae Chrysomelidae->Bromeliaceae Chrysomelidae->Marantaceae Chrysomelidae->Rubiaceae Chrysomelidae->Vitaceae Chrysomelidae->Heliconiaceae Chrysomelidae->Cupressaceae Desmanthidae Desmanthidae Chrysomelidae->Desmanthidae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae Chrysopidae->Cleomaceae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae Cicadellidae->Asteraceae Cicadidae Cicadidae Cicadidae->Fabaceae Ciidae Ciidae Ciidae->Salicaceae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae Clastopteridae->Cornaceae Cleridae Cleridae Cleridae->Fabaceae Cleridae->Sapindaceae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae Coccinellidae->Asteraceae Coccinellidae->Bignoniaceae Coccinellidae->Cleomaceae Coccinellidae->Fabaceae Coccinellidae->Malvaceae Coccinellidae->Arecaceae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae->Apiaceae Colletidae Colletidae Colletidae->Asteraceae Colletidae->Amaranthaceae Colletidae->Anacardiaceae Colletidae->Apiaceae Colletidae->Apocynaceae Colletidae->Asparagaceae Colletidae->Boraginaceae Colletidae->Brassicaceae Colletidae->Cactaceae Colletidae->Campanulaceae Colletidae->Cleomaceae Colletidae->Combretaceae Colletidae->Convolvulaceae Colletidae->Cornaceae Colletidae->Crassulaceae Colletidae->Ericaceae Colletidae->Euphorbiaceae Colletidae->Fabaceae Colletidae->Geraniaceae Colletidae->Heliotropiaceae Colletidae->Hydrophyllaceae Colletidae->Iridaceae Colletidae->Lamiaceae Colletidae->Loasaceae Colletidae->Malvaceae Colletidae->Namaceae Colletidae->Onagraceae Colletidae->Orchidaceae Colletidae->Orobanchaceae Colletidae->Papaveraceae Colletidae->Passifloraceae Colletidae->Plantaginaceae Colletidae->Polygalaceae Colletidae->Polygonaceae Colletidae->Rhamnaceae Colletidae->Rosaceae Colletidae->Salicaceae Colletidae->Sapindaceae Colletidae->Scrophulariaceae Colletidae->Solanaceae Colletidae->Tamaricaceae Colletidae->Verbenaceae Colletidae->Zygophyllaceae Colletidae->Fagaceae Colletidae->Amaryllidaceae Colletidae->Burseraceae Colletidae->Capparaceae Colletidae->Caryophyllaceae Colletidae->Clethraceae Colletidae->Cucurbitaceae Colletidae->Grossulariaceae Colletidae->Lythraceae Colletidae->Myrtaceae Colletidae->Oxalidaceae Colletidae->Parkinsoniidae Colletidae->Piperaceae Colletidae->Psilostomidae Colletidae->Rubiaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Colletidae->Aquifoliaceae Colletidae->Araliaceae Araucariaceae Araucariaceae Colletidae->Araucariaceae Champiaceae Champiaceae Colletidae->Champiaceae Colletidae->Cochlospermaceae Fouquieriaceae Fouquieriaceae Colletidae->Fouquieriaceae Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae Colletidae->Goodeniaceae Colletidae->Juglandaceae Phaseolidae Phaseolidae Colletidae->Phaseolidae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Colletidae->Sapotaceae Colletidae->Saxifragaceae Colletidae->Vivianiaceae Saxifragaceae->Asteraceae Saxifragaceae->Anacardiaceae Saxifragaceae->Asparagaceae Saxifragaceae->Cleomaceae Saxifragaceae->Cornaceae Saxifragaceae->Fabaceae Saxifragaceae->Iridaceae Saxifragaceae->Lamiaceae Saxifragaceae->Nartheciaceae Saxifragaceae->Nyctaginaceae Saxifragaceae->Amaryllidaceae Saxifragaceae->Heliconiaceae Saxifragaceae->Termitidae Coreidae Coreidae Coreidae->Cactaceae Coreidae->Xylariaceae Corixidae Corixidae Corixidae->Asteraceae Corixidae->Lamiaceae Corixidae->Malvaceae Corixidae->Polygonaceae Corixidae->Salicaceae Corixidae->Arecaceae Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae Corixidae->Plumbaginaceae Corylophidae Corylophidae Corylophidae->Asparagaceae Corylophidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae Crabronidae Crabronidae->Asteraceae Crabronidae->Apocynaceae Crabronidae->Bignoniaceae Crabronidae->Cleomaceae Crabronidae->Convolvulaceae Crabronidae->Euphorbiaceae Crabronidae->Fabaceae Crabronidae->Lamiaceae Crabronidae->Not assigned Crabronidae->Polygalaceae Crabronidae->Polygonaceae Crabronidae->Salicaceae Crabronidae->Zygophyllaceae Crabronidae->Rubiaceae Crabronidae->Vitaceae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae Cryptophagidae->Cupressaceae Culicidae Culicidae Culicidae->Fabaceae Culicidae->Salicaceae Culicidae->Heliconiaceae Curculionidae Curculionidae Curculionidae->Asteraceae Curculionidae->Tingidae Curculionidae->Anacardiaceae Curculionidae->Apocynaceae Curculionidae->Brassicaceae Curculionidae->Cactaceae Curculionidae->Cleomaceae Curculionidae->Convolvulaceae Curculionidae->Cornaceae Curculionidae->Euphorbiaceae Curculionidae->Fabaceae Curculionidae->Lamiaceae Curculionidae->Loasaceae Curculionidae->Malvaceae Curculionidae->Nyctaginaceae Curculionidae->Onagraceae Curculionidae->Papaveraceae Curculionidae->Plantaginaceae Curculionidae->Polygonaceae Curculionidae->Rosaceae Curculionidae->Salicaceae Curculionidae->Scrophulariaceae Curculionidae->Solanaceae Curculionidae->Fagaceae Curculionidae->Moraceae Curculionidae->Xylariaceae Curculionidae->Bromeliaceae Curculionidae->Caprifoliaceae Curculionidae->Commelinaceae Curculionidae->Graphoceratidae Curculionidae->Lauraceae Curculionidae->Musaceae Curculionidae->Oleaceae Curculionidae->Psilostomidae Curculionidae->Alismataceae Cabombaceae Cabombaceae Curculionidae->Cabombaceae Haloragaceae Haloragaceae Curculionidae->Haloragaceae Nothofagaceae Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nothofagaceae Curculionidae->Nymphaeaceae Curculionidae->Sagittariidae Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Curculionidae->Ulmaceae Curculionidae->Urticaceae Curculionidae->Zingiberaceae Cymidae Cymidae Cymidae->Asteraceae Dermestidae Dermestidae Dermestidae->Tingidae Dermestidae->Fabaceae Dermestidae->Pinaceae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae Dryophthoridae->Asteraceae Dryophthoridae->Poaceae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae Dytiscidae->Asteraceae Dytiscidae->Malvaceae Dytiscidae->Amaryllidaceae Dytiscidae->Arecaceae Dytiscidae->Heliconiaceae Noteridae Noteridae Dytiscidae->Noteridae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Dytiscidae->Smilacaceae Elateridae Elateridae Elateridae->Asteraceae Elateridae->Tingidae Elateridae->Bignoniaceae Elateridae->Brassicaceae Elateridae->Pinaceae Elateridae->Rosaceae Elateridae->Salicaceae Elateridae->Tamaricaceae Elateridae->Fagaceae Elateridae->Moraceae Endomychidae Endomychidae Endomychidae->Salicaceae Endomychidae->Xylariaceae Erotylidae Erotylidae Erotylidae->Convolvulaceae Erotylidae->Xylariaceae Erotylidae->Polyporaceae Evaniidae Evaniidae Evaniidae->Asteraceae Evaniidae->Fabaceae Formicidae Formicidae Formicidae->Asteraceae Formicidae->Brassicaceae Formicidae->Malvaceae Formicidae->Marantaceae Formicidae->Heliconiaceae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae Geotrupidae->Brassicaceae Gryllidae Gryllidae Gryllidae->Asteraceae Gryllidae->Fabaceae Gryllidae->Salicaceae Helophoridae Helophoridae Helophoridae->Amaryllidaceae Histeridae Histeridae Histeridae->Asteraceae Histeridae->Tingidae Histeridae->Cactaceae Histeridae->Fabaceae Histeridae->Rosaceae Histeridae->Salicaceae Histeridae->Fagaceae Histeridae->Heliconiaceae Histeridae->Zingiberaceae Histeridae->Termitidae Termitidae->Termitidae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae Hybosoridae->Xylariaceae Hybosoridae->Polyporaceae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae->Lamiaceae Hydrophilidae->Xylariaceae Hydrophilidae->Marantaceae Hydrophilidae->Heliconiaceae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae Ichneumonidae->Apiaceae Ichneumonidae->Bignoniaceae Ichneumonidae->Hydrophyllaceae Ichneumonidae->Rosaceae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae Laemophloeidae->Tingidae Laemophloeidae->Fabaceae Laemophloeidae->Moraceae Lampyridae Lampyridae Lampyridae->Asteraceae Lampyridae->Apiaceae Lampyridae->Cactaceae Latridiidae Latridiidae Latridiidae->Tingidae Latridiidae->Asparagaceae Latridiidae->Cornaceae Latridiidae->Rosaceae Latridiidae->Salicaceae Leiodidae Leiodidae Leiodidae->Asteraceae Leiodidae->Solanaceae Leiodidae->Polyporaceae Leucospidae Leucospidae Leucospidae->Asteraceae Leucospidae->Fabaceae Leucospidae->Salicaceae Lycidae Lycidae Lycidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae Lygaeidae->Asteraceae Lygaeidae->Apocynaceae Mantispidae Mantispidae Mantispidae->Lamiaceae Mantispidae->Sapindaceae Masaridae Masaridae Masaridae->Asteraceae Megachilidae Megachilidae Megachilidae->Asteraceae Megachilidae->Poaceae Megachilidae->Amaranthaceae Megachilidae->Anacardiaceae Megachilidae->Apiaceae Megachilidae->Apocynaceae Megachilidae->Asparagaceae Megachilidae->Bignoniaceae Megachilidae->Boraginaceae Megachilidae->Brassicaceae Megachilidae->Cactaceae Megachilidae->Campanulaceae Megachilidae->Cleomaceae Megachilidae->Convolvulaceae Megachilidae->Ericaceae Megachilidae->Euphorbiaceae Megachilidae->Fabaceae Megachilidae->Geraniaceae Megachilidae->Heliotropiaceae Megachilidae->Hydrophyllaceae Megachilidae->Iridaceae Megachilidae->Lamiaceae Megachilidae->Loasaceae Megachilidae->Malvaceae Megachilidae->Namaceae Megachilidae->Nartheciaceae Megachilidae->Nyctaginaceae Megachilidae->Onagraceae Megachilidae->Orchidaceae Megachilidae->Orobanchaceae Megachilidae->Papaveraceae Megachilidae->Plantaginaceae Megachilidae->Polygonaceae Megachilidae->Rhamnaceae Megachilidae->Rosaceae Megachilidae->Salicaceae Megachilidae->Sapindaceae Megachilidae->Scrophulariaceae Megachilidae->Solanaceae Megachilidae->Tamaricaceae Megachilidae->Verbenaceae Megachilidae->Zygophyllaceae Megachilidae->Fagaceae Megachilidae->Aphrophoridae Megachilidae->Acanthaceae Megachilidae->Amaryllidaceae Megachilidae->Berberidaceae Megachilidae->Capparaceae Megachilidae->Caryophyllaceae Megachilidae->Clethraceae Megachilidae->Commelinaceae Megachilidae->Cucurbitaceae Megachilidae->Linaceae Megachilidae->Lythraceae Megachilidae->Malpighiaceae Megachilidae->Myrtaceae Megachilidae->Oxalidaceae Megachilidae->Parkinsoniidae Megachilidae->Piperaceae Megachilidae->Polemoniaceae Megachilidae->Primulaceae Megachilidae->Psilostomidae Megachilidae->Rubiaceae Megachilidae->Vivianiaceae Megachilidae->Aizoaceae Megachilidae->Nesomyidae Megachilidae->Portulacaceae Eremiaphilidae Eremiaphilidae Megachilidae->Eremiaphilidae Montiaceae Montiaceae Megachilidae->Montiaceae Tetradiclidaceae Tetradiclidaceae Megachilidae->Tetradiclidaceae Melittidae Melittidae Melittidae->Asteraceae Melittidae->Cactaceae Melittidae->Cleomaceae Melittidae->Fabaceae Melittidae->Iridaceae Melittidae->Malvaceae Melittidae->Scrophulariaceae Melittidae->Zygophyllaceae Melittidae->Acanthaceae Melittidae->Lanariaceae Meloidae Meloidae Meloidae->Asteraceae Meloidae->Fabaceae Meloidae->Malvaceae Melyridae Melyridae Melyridae->Asteraceae Melyridae->Solanaceae Melyridae->Elaeagnaceae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae Microscaphidiidae->Zingiberaceae Miridae Miridae Miridae->Anacardiaceae Miridae->Asparagaceae Miridae->Brassicaceae Miridae->Cornaceae Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae Miridae->Melanthiaceae Monotomidae Monotomidae Monotomidae->Fabaceae Monotomidae->Urticaceae Mordellidae Mordellidae Mordellidae->Asteraceae Mordellidae->Tingidae Mordellidae->Cornaceae Mordellidae->Fabaceae Mordellidae->Polygalaceae Mordellidae->Melanthiaceae Mutillidae Mutillidae Mutillidae->Asteraceae Mutillidae->Fabaceae Mutillidae->Lamiaceae Mutillidae->Nartheciaceae Mutillidae->Salicaceae Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilidae Myrmecophilidae->Formicidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae Nitidulidae->Asteraceae Nitidulidae->Asparagaceae Nitidulidae->Bignoniaceae Nitidulidae->Cactaceae Nitidulidae->Fabaceae Nitidulidae->Pinaceae Nitidulidae->Rosaceae Nitidulidae->Fagaceae Nitidulidae->Moraceae Nitidulidae->Xylariaceae Nitidulidae->Polyporaceae Nitidulidae->Cupressaceae Nitidulidae->Zingiberaceae Nitidulidae->Melanthiaceae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae Nosodendridae->Tingidae Nosodendridae->Salicaceae Notonectidae Notonectidae Notonectidae->Fabaceae Notonectidae->Arecaceae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae Oedemeridae->Cactaceae Phalacridae Phalacridae Phalacridae->Asteraceae Phalacridae->Cactaceae Phalacridae->Onagraceae Phalacridae->Rosaceae Pompilidae Pompilidae Pompilidae->Asteraceae Pompilidae->Salicaceae Pompilidae->Verbenaceae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae Ptiliidae->Asparagaceae Ptiliidae->Cleomaceae Ptiliidae->Apidae Ptiliidae->Bromeliaceae Ptiliidae->Marantaceae Ptiliidae->Heliconiaceae Reduviidae Reduviidae Reduviidae->Asteraceae Reduviidae->Cactaceae Reduviidae->Cornaceae Reduviidae->Fabaceae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae Rhaphidophoridae->Brassicaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Ericaceae Rhaphidophoridae->Fabaceae Rhinotermitidae->Rhinotermitidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae Rhopalidae->Asteraceae Santalaceae Santalaceae Santalaceae->Xylariaceae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae->Asteraceae Scarabaeidae->Amaranthaceae Scarabaeidae->Asparagaceae Scarabaeidae->Cactaceae Scarabaeidae->Cornaceae Scarabaeidae->Iridaceae Scarabaeidae->Lamiaceae Scarabaeidae->Malvaceae Scarabaeidae->Papaveraceae Scarabaeidae->Rhamnaceae Scarabaeidae->Rosaceae Scarabaeidae->Sapindaceae Scarabaeidae->Vitaceae Scarabaeidae->Termitidae Droseraceae Droseraceae Scarabaeidae->Droseraceae Scirtidae Scirtidae Scirtidae->Plantaginaceae Sciuridae Sciuridae Sciuridae->Asparagaceae Scoliidae Scoliidae Scoliidae->Asteraceae Scoliidae->Nartheciaceae Scoliidae->Zygophyllaceae Sialidae Sialidae Sialidae->Phrymaceae Silvanidae Silvanidae Silvanidae->Asteraceae Simuliidae Simuliidae Simuliidae->Salicaceae Simuliidae->Myrtaceae Simuliidae->Rubiaceae Sphecidae Sphecidae Sphecidae->Asteraceae Sphecidae->Bignoniaceae Sphecidae->Fabaceae Sphecidae->Lamiaceae Sphecidae->Nartheciaceae Sphecidae->Rhamnaceae Sphecidae->Rosaceae Sphingidae Sphingidae Sphingidae->Lamiaceae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae Stenotritidae->Myrtaceae Syrphidae Syrphidae Syrphidae->Apiaceae Syrphidae->Brassicaceae Syrphidae->Cactaceae Syrphidae->Orchidaceae Syrphidae->Rhamnaceae Syrphidae->Rosaceae Syrphidae->Salicaceae Tabanidae Tabanidae Tabanidae->Asteraceae Tabanidae->Tingidae Tabanidae->Iridaceae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae Tenebrionidae->Tingidae Tenebrionidae->Cactaceae Tenebrionidae->Cornaceae Tenebrionidae->Salicaceae Tenebrionidae->Moraceae Tenebrionidae->Xylariaceae Tephritidae Tephritidae Tephritidae->Asteraceae Teredidae Teredidae Teredidae->Cactaceae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae Tetratomidae->Xylariaceae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae Tettigoniidae->Asparagaceae Tettigoniidae->Arecaceae Tettigoniidae->Zingiberaceae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae Thyatiridae->Cactaceae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae Thyreocoridae->Asteraceae Thyreocoridae->Rosaceae Thyrididae Thyrididae Thyrididae->Rhamnaceae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae Tiphiidae->Asteraceae Tiphiidae->Anacardiaceae Tiphiidae->Bignoniaceae Tiphiidae->Brassicaceae Tiphiidae->Euphorbiaceae Tiphiidae->Fabaceae Tiphiidae->Lamiaceae Tiphiidae->Malvaceae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae Trogossitidae->Tingidae Trogossitidae->Asparagaceae Trogossitidae->Fabaceae Trogossitidae->Salicaceae Trogossitidae->Moraceae Trogossitidae->Xylariaceae Vespidae Vespidae Vespidae->Asteraceae Vespidae->Tingidae Vespidae->Amaranthaceae Vespidae->Anacardiaceae Vespidae->Apiaceae Vespidae->Asparagaceae Vespidae->Bignoniaceae Vespidae->Boraginaceae Vespidae->Brassicaceae Vespidae->Cactaceae Vespidae->Convolvulaceae Vespidae->Fabaceae Vespidae->Geraniaceae Vespidae->Lamiaceae Vespidae->Malvaceae Vespidae->Not assigned Vespidae->Onagraceae Vespidae->Polygalaceae Vespidae->Polygonaceae Vespidae->Ranunculaceae Vespidae->Rhamnaceae Vespidae->Rosaceae Vespidae->Salicaceae Vespidae->Solanaceae Vespidae->Verbenaceae Vespidae->Acanthaceae Vespidae->Musaceae Vespidae->Vitaceae Zopheridae Zopheridae Zopheridae->Pinaceae

You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv

Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email.

Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website.

Taxonomic Alignment

As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col ncbi discoverlife gbif itis globi mdd tpt). These alignments may serve as a way to review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource to use.

Sample of Name Alignments
providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName
NONE ncbi
NONE discoverlife
NONE globi
Abedus dilatatus HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Abedus dilatatus
Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row.
resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count
tpt NA 5060
tpt genus 6
tpt species 1
tpt order 1
ncbi species 2330
ncbi NA 1480
ncbi genus 1005
ncbi family 125
ncbi subfamily 52
ncbi subgenus 31
ncbi tribe 19
ncbi subspecies 14
ncbi varietas 12
ncbi order 10
ncbi superfamily 7
ncbi suborder 2
ncbi section 2
ncbi superorder 1
ncbi class 1
ncbi clade 1
ncbi cohort 1
ncbi subtribe 1
ncbi species group 1
mdd NA 5068
itis species 2648
itis NA 1134
itis genus 924
itis family 130
itis variety 89
itis subspecies 71
itis subfamily 39
itis tribe 18
itis order 10
itis superfamily 7
itis suborder 2
itis superorder 2
itis subgenus 1
itis class 1
globi species 3503
globi genus 1639
globi NA 1523
globi subspecies 279
globi variety 176
globi family 147
globi subgenus 63
globi subfamily 62
globi tribe 27
globi order 11
globi superfamily 7
globi section 5
globi subtribe 4
globi form 4
globi suborder 3
globi class 2
globi superorder 2
globi infraorder 1
globi phylum 1
globi species group 1
gbif species 3325
gbif genus 1078
gbif NA 352
gbif subspecies 221
gbif family 135
gbif variety 105
gbif order 9
gbif class 1
gbif form 1
discoverlife NA 4396
discoverlife species 673
col species 3118
col genus 1035
col NA 575
col subspecies 161
col family 127
col variety 69
col subfamily 29
col tribe 22
col subgenus 17
col order 9
col superfamily 7
col subtribe 4
col section 1
col form 1
col subterclass 1
col class 1
Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type “NONE” means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. “SAME_AS” indicates either a “HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME” or “SYNONYM_OF” name relationship type. We recognize that “SYNONYM_OF” encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies (ICZN 1999) (e.g., junior synonym, senior synonyms).
resolvedCatalogName relationName count
col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 7265
col SYNONYM_OF 1794
col NONE 673
discoverlife NONE 7600
discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 634
discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 16
discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 107
gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 9605
gbif SYNONYM_OF 2688
gbif NONE 365
globi NONE 357
globi SAME_AS 93775
itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 6655
itis NONE 1231
itis SYNONYM_OF 605
mdd NONE 8302
ncbi NONE 1573
ncbi SAME_AS 7857
ncbi SYNONYM_OF 283
tpt NONE 8294
tpt HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 8
List of Available Name Alignment Reports
catalog name alignment results
col associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
ncbi associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
discoverlife associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
gbif associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
itis associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
globi associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
mdd associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)
tpt associated names alignments (csv/tsv/html)

Additional Reviews

Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below.

First few lines in the review notes.
reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment
2023-09-28T03:24:18Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2023-09-28T03:24:18Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2023-09-28T03:24:18Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]
2023-09-28T03:24:18Z note found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid]

In addtion, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below.

Most frequently occurring review notes, if any.
reviewComment count
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3717] not valid] 5
found invalid location: [range of latitude [3630] not valid] 1
found invalid location: [range of longitude [3452.516] not valid] 1
found unsupported interaction type with name: [attacked by] 1

For more exhaustive list of review notes, please have a look at the Review Notes (csv/tsv/html).

GloBI Review Badge

As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review.

review review 💬 💬

Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data.

GloBI Index Badge

If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products.

Sample of a GloBI Index Badge

If you’d like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit GloBI’s dataset index 4 for badge examples.

Discussion

This review is intended to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, this review should not be considered as fitness of use or other kind of quality assessment. Instead, the review may be used as in indication of the open-ness5 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: in order to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Currently, this Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and with measurement units specified, a more quantitative approach can be implemented.

Acknowledgements

We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities.

References

ICZN. 1999. “International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.” The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/.
Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. “Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets.” Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.
Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. “WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8176978.
Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. “The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship.” Scientific Data 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.